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Shibata Katsuie

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In this Japanese name, the surname is Shibata.
Shibata Katsuie
柴田 勝家
Lord of Tsuruga
In office
1575–1583
Succeeded byHachiya Yoritaka
Lord of Kitanosho Castle
In office
1575–1583
Personal details
Born1522
Kamiyashiro, Nagoya, Owari Province
DiedJune 14, 1583(1583-06-14) (aged 60–61)
Kitanosho Castle, Echizen Province
SpouseOichi
RelationsOda Nobunaga (brother in law)
ChildrenShibata Katsutoyo [jp] (adopted son)
Shibata Katsumasa (adopted son)
Yodo-dono (step daughter)
Ohatsu (step daughter)
Oeyo (step daughter)
Nickname(s)"Oni Shibata" (demon shibata)
"Gonroku"
Military service
Allegiance Oda clan
Unit Owari-Shibata clan
CommandsKitanosho Castle
Battles/warsBattle of Kiyosu Castle
Battle of Ino
Battle of Okehazama
Siege of Inabayama
Siege of Shōryūji Castle
Siege of Chōkō-ji
Siege of Nagashima
Siege of Ichijōdani Castle
Echizen Campaign
Battle of Nagashino
Hokuriku Campaign
Battle of Tedorigawa
Kaga Campaign
Siege of Uozu
Battle of Shizugatake
Japanese name
Kanji柴田 勝家
Hiraganaしばた かついえ
Transcriptions
RomanizationShibata Katsuie
Shibata clan mon

Shibata Katsuie (柴田 勝家, 1522 – June 14, 1583) or Gonroku (権六) was a Japanese samurai and military commander during the Sengoku period. He served Oda Nobunaga as one of his trusted generals, was severely wounded in the 1571 first siege of Nagashima, but then fought in the 1575 Battle of Nagashino and 1577 Battle of Tedorigawa.[1]

Early life

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Myōtoku-ji (birthplace of Shibata Katsuie at Meitō-ku, Nagoya)

Katsuie was born in the village of Kamiyashiro (present-day Meitō-ku, Nagoya), a branch of the Shiba clan (who descended from the Ashikaga clan, and were the former suzerains of the Oda clan). Note the differences between Shibata (柴田), Shiba (斯波), and the Shibata clan of Echigo (新発田).

Katsuie was the retainer of Oda Nobuyuki. In 1554, Katsuie took part in the Battle of Kiyosu Castle against Oda Nobutomo, uncle of Nobunaga.

In 1556, when control of the Oda clan was contested, Katsuie initially supported his lord, Nobuyuki, against his elder brother Oda Nobunaga. Katsuie launched a coup d'état against Nobunaga. He was defeated at the Battle of Inō, and in the aftermath Nobunaga had his brother executed, but impressed with the retainer's loyalty and bravery, spared the life of Katsuie. Katsuie pledged his services to Nobunaga, earning his praises.

In 1556, According to the records from Tosho Gunkan, Sakai Tadatsugu defends Fukutani castle which besieged by 2,000 cavalry troops of Oda clan led by Shibata Katsuie. Tadatsugu manage to repel the forces of Katsuie as he led a sallying forces outside the castle and routing them.[2][3][unreliable source?][4][unreliable source?][5][unreliable source?][6]

Service under Nobunaga

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Shibata Katsuie utamarol

In 1560, he was commander of Nobunaga's main forces against Imagawa Yoshimoto at the Battle of Okehazama.

In 1567, he led the first division of Oda Nobunaga's forces, in the siege of Inabayama against Saito clan.

In late 1568, Katsuie, along with Hosokawa Fujitaka, Hachiya Yoritaka, Mori Yoshinari and Sakai Masahisa attacked Iwanari Tomomichi at Shōryūji Castle.

In 1570, while the Oda–Tokugawa coalition fought at the Battle of Anegawa against the Asakura and Azai clans, Katsuie was at Chōkō-ji castle, under siege by 4,000 soldiers of the Rokkaku clan. Katsuie eventually won via an all-out attack, forcing the Rokkaku to retreat.[1]: 220  This action, along with a series of brilliant victories, gained him renown as the "Oni Shibata", or "Demon Shibata".

In 1571, he fought in the first Siege of Nagashima and was severely wounded.

In 1573, when Shogun Ashikaga Yoshiaki, who was protected by the Mori clan, built an anti-Nobunaga network, Katsuie fought against Yoshiaki's forces in various places including Omi Province and Settsu Province as a powerful military commander of the Oda army. Later, He took part in the Siege of Ichijodani Castle and also in the Second Siege of Nagashima right after that, but he pulled back again.

In 1574, he took part in the third Siege of Nagashima. He commanded the right wing among the three groups along with Sakuma Nobumori.

In 1575, he fought in the Battle of Nagashino against Takeda Katsuyori.[7] He and Hashiba Hideyoshi protected the left flank.

In 1576, after gaining control of Echizen, he took command of Kitanosho Castle (Hokujō) and was ordered to conquer the Hokuriku region.

In 1577, Nobunaga sent an army led by Shibata Katsuie and some of his most experienced generals to reinforce Shigetsura from Noto province against Uesugi Kenshin at the Battle of Tedorigawa.

In 1580, he led an army, which included his general Sakuma Morimasa in a fight against the Kaga Ikko-ikki at Kanazawa Gobo.[1]: 230 

In 1581, after controlling Noto, he began a campaign against Etchū Province along with Maeda Toshiie, Sassa Narimasa and Fuwa Mitsuharu.

Death of Nobunaga

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Main article: Honnō-ji incident

In 1582, he and Sassa Narimasa successfully laid siege to Uozu and Matsukura Castle.[1]: 231  In the meantime, Oda Nobunaga and his eldest son and heir, Nobutada, were killed in the Honnō-ji incident by the forces of his former retainer Akechi Mitsuhide.

Death

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Later in 1582, after the death of Nobunaga, in a meeting at Kiyosu Castle to determine Nobunaga's successor, Katsuie initially supported the choice of Samboshi, Nobunaga's grandson.[8] but he later supported Oda Nobutaka, Nobunaga's third son, for whom Katsuie had performed the genpuku ritual. He then allied with Oda Nobutaka and Takigawa Kazumasu against Toyotomi Hideyoshi who was allied with Oda Nobukatsu. Tension quickly escalated between Hideyoshi and Katsuie, and the following year they clashed at the Battle of Shizugatake.[9]

Battle of Shizugatake

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Main article: Battle of Shizugatake

In 1583, Katsuie sent his nephew Sakuma Morimasa to besiege Takayama Ukon and Nakagawa Kiyohide at Shizugatake. Morimasa ignored Shibata's orders to withdraw to Ōiwa and was captured and beheaded by Toyotomi Hideyoshi's returning forces.[10] Katsuie was defeated and retreated back into Echizen, all the way to Kitanosho Castle, which was taken in 3 days.

During the siege, Katsuie implored his wife, Oichi, to take their daughters and leave, but she decided to stay and die with him, while letting their daughters escape. After setting fire to his castle, Katsuie committed seppuku.[11][12][1]: 234 

His death poem was:

夏の夜の　夢路儚き　後の名を　雲井にあげよ　山不如
Natsu no yo no
yumeji hakanaki
ato no na o
kumoi ni ageyo
yamahototogisu

"Fleeting dream paths, In the summer night! O bird of the mountain, Carry my name beyond the clouds."

Grave of Shibata Katsuie

Family

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Shibata Katsuie is a playable character in Koei Tecmo's Samurai Warriors 2: Empires and all subsequent Samurai Warriors, the Warriors Orochi games, and Sengoku Basara 4. He appears in Nioh 2 and Fate/Grand Order as a side character.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e Turnbull, Stephen (2000). The Samurai Sourcebook. London: Cassell & C0. p. 78,221,228. ISBN 1854095234.
  2. ^ "NHK大河ドラマ「どうする家康」第39話、酒井忠次ゆかりの地として福谷城が紹介されました". Miyoshi city website (in Japanese). Miyoshi City Board of Education Education Department History and Folklore Museum. 2023. Retrieved 6 May 2024.
  3. ^ 蟹江合戦 (in Japanese). 歴史研究会. p. 97. Retrieved 6 May 2024.[unreliable source?]
  4. ^ 徳川四天王酒井忠次 (in Japanese). 歴史研究会. p. 60. Retrieved 6 May 2024.[unreliable source?]
  5. ^ 今川氏一族の群像 (in Japanese). 歴史研究会. p. 88. Retrieved 6 May 2024.[unreliable source?]
  6. ^ Jinbutsu Ōraisha (2007). 歴史読本 Volume 52, Issue 3 (in Japanese). 新人物往来社. p. 79. Retrieved 6 May 2024.
  7. ^ Turnbull, Stephen (1977). The Samurai. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc. pp. 156–160. ISBN 9780026205405.
  8. ^ Berry 1982, p. 74
  9. ^ Berry 1982, p. 78
  10. ^ Turnbull, Stephen (1998). The Samurai Sourcebook. London: Cassell & Co. p. 76,234. ISBN 9781854095237.
  11. ^ "Fukui Castle, Kitanosho Ruins". 2009-03-24. Archived from the original on 11 December 2008. Retrieved 30 April 2009.
  12. ^ Sansom, George (1961). A History of Japan, 1334-1615. Stanford: Stanford University Press. p. 311-313. ISBN 0804705259.

http://www.samurai-archives.com/katsuie.html Archived 2007-07-16 at the Wayback Machine

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