Henry Dalton
Henry C. Dalton | |
|---|---|
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| Born | May 7, 1847 |
| Died | November 3, 1911 (aged 64) |
| Occupation | Surgeon |
| Spouse |
Alice Cravens (m. 1875) |
| Children | 3 |
Henry Clay Dalton (May 7, 1847 – November 3, 1911) was superintendent of the St. Louis City Hospital, Missouri, United States, from 1886 to 1892, and later a professor of abdominal and clinical surgery at Marion Sims College of Medicine (now part of the St. Louis University School of Medicine). He is noted for being the first American to perform the suturing of the pericardium on record. Spanish surgeon Francisco Romero was documented with performing two successful surgeries in 1801[1] and French surgeon Dominique Jean Larrey was documented as successfully performing surgery on a woman's pericardium in 1810.[2][3]
Biography
[edit]Henry Dalton was born in Aberdeen, Mississippi on May 7, 1847.[4][5]
He married Alice Cravens on March 17, 1875, and they had three children.[4]
He died at Deaconess Hospital in St. Louis on November 3, 1911, after an operation for appendicitis.[6]
Suturing of the pericardium
[edit]The operation occurred on September 6, 1891 at the City Hospital, on a twenty-two-year-old man who had been stabbed in the chest. Upon arrival of the patient, Dalton cleaned the wound and applied a dressing of antiseptic gauze. After several hours, the patient's condition worsened: the left side of his chest became dull to percussion; his temperature and pulse rate rose; his breathing became shallow; and he complained of considerable pain. He was taken to the surgical amphitheatre, where Dalton made an incision over the fourth rib and removed about 6 inches (15 cm) of it. After tying the severed intercostal artery to control bleeding and removing the blood from the pleural cavity, Dalton observed a transverse wound of the pericardium about 2 inches (5 cm) in length. With a sharply curved needle and catgut, he closed the wound by continuous suture, overcoming great difficulty caused by the heart pulsations. The pleural cavity was then irrigated and the chest incision closed without drainage. The patient made "an uninterrupted, rapid recovery." The published report of the operation appeared in the state medical association's journal and another local periodical in 1894, and in the Annals of Surgery the following year.[7][8]
Legacy
[edit]On July 10, 1893 African American surgeon Daniel Hale Williams became the first on record to replicate Dalton's success, repairing the torn pericardium of knife wound patient James Cornish. [7][9] In the mid-1890s, attempts were made to further improve cardiac surgery. The first successful surgery on the heart itself was performed by Norwegian surgeon Axel Cappelen on 4 September 1895 at Rikshospitalet in Kristiania, now Oslo.[10][11] The first successful surgery of the heart, performed without any complications, was by Dr. Ludwig Rehn of Frankfurt, Germany, who repaired a stab wound to the right ventricle on September 7, 1896.[12][13]
Despite these new accomplishments, Dalton and other early cardiac surgeon received little recognition for the successful surgeries they performed and surgeons still thought they should not perform surgery on the heart.[14][15] Heart surgery would not be widely accepted among surgeons until World War II broke out and forced battlefield surgeons to improve their methods of surgery in order to repair severe war wounds.[14] Despite the earlier lack of recognition for his accomplishments, Dalton later received good recognition for his role in revolutionizing cardiac surgery.[14]
References
[edit]- ^ Aris, A (September 1997). "Francisco Romero, the first heart surgeon". Ann. Thorac. Surg. 64 (3): 870–1. doi:10.1016/s0003-4975(97)00760-1. PMID 9307502.
- ^ Shumacker HB Jr (1989). "When did cardiac surgery begin?". J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 30 (2): 246–9. PMID 2651455.
- ^ "Pioneers in Academic Surgery". U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ a b Leonard, John W., ed. (1906). The Book of St. Louisans: A Biographical Dictionary of Leading Living Men of the City of St. Louis and Vicinity. The St. Louis Republic Company. p. 144. Retrieved August 12, 2024 – via Google Books.
- ^ "United States Deceased Physician File (AMA), 1864-1968", database with images, FamilySearch, Henry Clay Dalton, 1911. (subscription required)
- ^ "Veteran Surgeon Dies After Operation". The St. Louis Star. November 4, 1911. p. 10. Retrieved August 12, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b Shumacker, Harris B. (1992). The Evolution of Cardiac Surgery. Indiana University Press. p. 12. ISBN 0253352215. Retrieved May 12, 2007.
- ^ Dalton, Henry C. (1895). "Report of a Case of Stab-Wound of the Pericardium, Terminating in recovery After Resection of a Rib and Suture of the Pericardium". Annals of Surgery. 21 (2). Annals of Surgery 21(2), Feb. 1895: 147–152. doi:10.1097/00000658-189521060-00016. PMC 1494048. PMID 17860132.
- ^ Williams, Daniel H. (1897). "Stab Wound of the Heart and Pericardium---Suture of the Pericardium---Recover--Patient Alive Three Years Afterward". Medical Record. 51 (13): 437.
- ^ Westaby, Stephen; Bosher, Cecil (February 1998). Landmarks in Cardiac Surgery. ISBN 1-899066-54-3.
- ^ Baksaas ST, Solberg S (January 2003). "Verdens første hjerteoperasjon". Tidsskr Nor Lægeforen. 123 (2): 202–4.
- ^ Absolon KB, Naficy MA (2002). First successful cardiac operation in a human, 1896: a documentation: the life, the times, and the work of Ludwig Rehn (1849–1930). Rockville, MD : Kabel, 2002
- ^ Johnson, Stephen L. (1970). The History of Cardiac Surgery, 1896–1955. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 5. ISBN 0801810566. Retrieved August 12, 2024 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ a b c "Timeline:Heart in History". American Experience. PBS.com. Retrieved November 30, 2013.
- ^ The Impossible: Heart and Brain Surgery Accessed November 29, 2013