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1640s in Canada

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Events from the 1640s in Canada.

Events

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  • c. 1640: Beavers and otters nearly exterminated in Iroquois country. To expand territory, Iroquois launch decades-long "Beaver Wars" against Huron and Algonquin.[1]
  • 1640: Françoise Marie Jacqueline, youthful daughter of a physician from Nogent, France, sets sail for what would become Saint John, New Brunswick, to wed Charles de Saint-Étienne de La Tour, Governor of Acadia, and to assume many roles, including wife, confidant, soldier, and businesswoman. In spite of the ongoing and escalating conflict between LaTour and his well-connected rival Governor, Charles de Menou, Sieur d'Aulnay, she would elevate LaTour's status amongst the power brokers of the day in France and in the growing English colonies to the south. In 1645, she would successfully defend Fort LaTour against a vicious attack by d'Aulnay, only to be betrayed, ultimately losing her life. Buried in the vicinity of the fort, in what is now downtown Saint John, her bones have never been found. Remains of the fort still exist, protected as a national heritage site, hidden beneath layers of ancient soil.[2][3]
  • 17 May 1642: The trade settlement at Montreal is founded by the Sieur de Maisonneuve.[4][5]
  • 5 January 1643: The first Mount Royal Cross erected[6][7]
  • 1644: Second Powhatan Confederacy uprising against Jamestown, Virginia; its leader, Opechancanough, dies in captivity.[8]
  • 1644 Jeanne Mance (Baptized Langres, France 12 November 1606 Died 18 June 1673) opens Hotel-Dieu, the first hospital in North America.[9][10]
  • 1645-63: Under the proprietorship of Richelieu's company's colonial agent, the Community of Habitants, the new French colony takes shape along the St. Lawrence.[11][12][13]
  • 1648-49: After the Iroquois brutally ravage Huron country and disperse the Huron nation north of the St. Lawrence, they turn against New France itself. [14]
  • 1649-64: the Beaver Wars: Encouraged by the English, and the need for more beaver for trade (their own area being hunted out), Haudenosee (Iroquois) make war on Hurons (1649), Tobaccos (1649), Neutrals (1650–51), Erie (1653–56), Ottawa (1660), Illinois and Miami (1680–84), and members of the Mahican confederation. English, pleased with this, agree to 2-Row Wampum Peace treaty, 1680. [15] [16] [17]
  • 1649: Attacks by the Iroquois disperse the Huron; disrupts fur trade over the next fifteen years. [18]
  • 16 March 1649: The Jesuit father Jean de Brébeuf is martyred during Iroquois raids on the Hurons at St-Ignace. [19]
  • 16 June 1649: The Jesuit missionaries at Sainte-Marie among the Hurons abandon the mission, burning it to the ground and taking refuge at Christian Island. [20] [21] [22]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ taniam. "1640 - 1701 – Beaver Wars (French and Iroquois Wars) Force Relocation to Door County, Wisconsin". NHBP. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
  2. ^ "Biography – JACQUELIN, FRANÇOISE (Françoise-Marie) – Volume I (1000-1700) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography". www.biographi.ca. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
  3. ^ "Françoise-Marie Jacquelin, Madame de La Tour and the defence of Fort St.Jean, 1645". silverhawkauthor.com. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
  4. ^ Adair, E. (1942). "The Evolution of Montreal under the French Regime". Report of the Annual Meeting. 21 (1): 20–41. doi:10.7202/300228ar. ISSN 0317-0594. S2CID 144896580.
  5. ^ "Founding of Montreal". www.canadahistory.ca. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
  6. ^ "The cross on Mount Royal: a storied history". montrealgazette. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
  7. ^ "Forbidden Montreal: The Mount Royal Cross". Montreal. 20 November 2012. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
  8. ^ Yorktown, Mailing Address: P. O. Box 210; Us, VA 23690 Phone: 757 898-2410 Contact. "A Short History of Jamestown - Historic Jamestowne Part of Colonial National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 24 January 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  9. ^ "BAnQ numérique". numerique.banq.qc.ca (in French). Retrieved 24 January 2023.
  10. ^ "Jeanne Mance, 1606-1673". WWP. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
  11. ^ 'Y establir nostre auctorité': Assertions of Imperial Sovereignty through Proprietorships and Chartered Companies in New France, 1598-1663 (PDF).
  12. ^ "New France and Colonial North America 1645". The Map Archive. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
  13. ^ Parkman, Francis (2005). France and England in North America. A series of historical narratives. By Francis Parkman ...
  14. ^ Bélanger, Claude. "Quebec History". faculty.marianopolis.edu. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
  15. ^ taniam. "1640 - 1701 – Beaver Wars (French and Iroquois Wars) Force Relocation to Door County, Wisconsin". NHBP. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
  16. ^ Iroquois' destruction of Huronia.
  17. ^ "Iroquois Warfare: 1640-1650". www.lermuseum.org. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
  18. ^ "French and Iroquois Wars (1642-1698)". www.uswars.net. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
  19. ^ "Jean de Brebeuf". www.wyandot.org. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
  20. ^ "Christian Island Lighthouse". LighthouseFriends. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
  21. ^ "Fort Sainte Marie II National Historic Site of Canada". www.pc.gc.ca. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
  22. ^ "Establishment of Sainte Marie II on Gahoendoe (Christian Island)". The Story of Ste. Marie II. Retrieved 24 January 2023.


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