Jump to content

Royal Jordanian Air Force

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Royal Jordanian Air Force
  • سلاح الجو الملكي الأردني
  • Silāḥ ul-Jawu al-Malakī 'al-Urdunī
Royal Jordanian Air Force badge
Founded25 September 1955; 69 years ago (1955-09-25)
Country Jordan
TypeAir force
RoleAerial warfare
Size14,000 active personnel[1]
Part ofJordanian Armed Forces
HeadquartersAmman
Equipment231 aircraft
Commanders
Current
commander
Brigade General Mohammad Hyasat[2]
Insignia
Roundel
Fin flash
Aircraft flown
AttackAir Tractor AT-802
FighterF-16 Fighting Falcon
HelicopterMil Mi-26, Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk
Attack helicopterBell AH-1 Cobra, Boeing AH-6
TrainerGrob G 120TP, Pilatus PC-21
TransportC-130 Hercules, Airbus C-295

The Royal Jordanian Air Force (RJAF; Arabic: سلاح الجو الملكي الأردني, Silāḥ al-Jaww al-Malakī al-ʾUrdunī) is the aerial warfare branch of the Jordanian Armed Forces. Founded in 1955,[3] the RJAF serves as the primary air defense organization in Jordan, with the mission of defending the nation’s airspace, providing ground support, and contributing to the broader national security strategy.[4] Its role has expanded over the years from purely defensive operations to include Peacekeeping,[5] humanitarian support,[6] and active participation in regional coalitions.[7]

Headquartered in Amman, the RJAF operates a variety of advanced fighter aircraft, helicopters, and transport aircraft, with bases strategically positioned across Jordan.[8] Since its establishment, the RJAF has undergone significant modernization efforts, enhancing its capabilities to address evolving security challenges.[9] The force also collaborates closely with international allies, including the United States[10] and several NATO countries, engaging in joint training exercises and defense partnerships.[11]

The RJAF has earned a respected position within the Middle East due to its skilled personnel and its contributions to stability and security in the region.[12] With a focus on training and technological advancement, the RJAF continues to enhance its readiness and operational capabilities, representing a critical component of Jordan’s defense infrastructure.[13]

History

[edit]

Early Foundations and British Influence (1931–1955)

[edit]
A de Havilland Vampire FB.6 illustrating the markings of the Royal Jordanian Air Force

Jordan gained independence in 1946, but its first air bases were established as early as 1931 by the Royal Air Force to protect British interests and maintain stability in the region.[14] Initially, Jordan’s air defense was limited to observation and reconnaissance, with British personnel assisting in the development of this early force. By 1948, Jordan began forming a small air unit known as the Arab Legion Air Force (ALAF), with assistance from the RAF in terms of training and equipment. The ALAF's primary fighter aircraft was the de Havilland Vampire, a British jet fighter, and a Vickers VC.1 Viking was used as a VIP transport for the King of Jordan.[15]

In 1955, King Hussein recognized the need for a more autonomous and capable air force as part of Jordan’s modernization goals, officially establishing the RJAF on 25 September 1955.[16] The same year, Jordan received its first modern training aircraft from the United Kingdom, solidifying early efforts in pilot training and technical skills. By 1958, British forces had fully departed Jordan, and the RJAF assumed complete control over the nation’s airfields, marking a shift toward self-reliance.[17]

The Six-Day War and Aftermath (1960s)

[edit]

In the early 1960s, the RJAF expanded its capabilities with the acquisition of Hawker Hunter aircraft for air defense, strengthening Jordan's combat abilities as regional tensions mounted.[18] In December 1964, the RJAF engaged in a notable air combat incident over the West Bank, where four Israeli Air Force Mirages encountered RJAF Hunters, resulting in damage to one Mirage with no Jordanian losses.[19] The RJAF’s role during the Six-Day War in 1967 was met with severe challenges as Israeli air raids destroyed most of Jordan’s aircraft on the ground, resulting in the near-total loss of the fleet.[20][21] Despite these losses, the RJAF quickly began efforts to rebuild, receiving assistance from the United Kingdom, which provided additional Hunters and training support.[22]

Modernization and Regional Alignments (1970s)

[edit]
Hunter F.58 of the Royal Jordanian Air Force

After the heavy losses of the 1967 war, the RJAF undertook substantial modernization efforts. In the early 1970s, it acquired Lockheed F-104 Starfighters from the United States, although these were later deemed unsuitable for Jordan’s defense needs due to their high operational costs and maintenance complexity. By 1977, these were transferred to the Pakistan Air Force, leaving the RJAF to seek alternative solutions.[23]

During this period, the RJAF also procured Northrop F-5 Tiger jets from Iran, as part of Jordan’s strategic alliance with Iran during the Shah’s reign. These aircraft became vital to Jordan’s defense strategy, enabling a higher degree of regional operational capacity.[24] Additionally, the RJAF began using Cessna T-37 Tweets for advanced training, which helped establish a domestic pipeline for skilled pilots and technical staff.[25] In 1975, the RJAF retired its fleet of Hawker Hunters, transferring them to the Omani Air Force after unsuccessful attempts to sell the aircraft elsewhere.[26]

The Iran-Iraq War and Continued Upgrades (1980s)

[edit]

Following the Egypt–Israel peace treaty in 1979, the RJAF embarked on further modernization efforts supported by financial aid from several Arab states. The RJAF selected the Dassault Mirage F1 over the General Dynamics F-16/79 to serve as its frontline fighter due to its advanced avionics and agility in air-to-air combat.[27]

During the Iran-Iraq War, Jordan remained a regional ally of Iraq, providing training support for Iraqi pilots. The RJAF participated in joint training exercises, allowing Jordanian and Iraqi pilots to operate side-by-side in combat simulations. However, there is no confirmed evidence that RJAF personnel directly engaged in combat missions.[28] During this period, the RJAF also acquired Lockheed C-130 Hercules aircraft, which became instrumental in supporting Jordan’s international peacekeeping missions, as well as humanitarian efforts throughout the Middle East and North Africa.[29]

The Gulf War and Resource Constraints (1990s)

[edit]

Jordan’s complex political relationship with Iraq during the Gulf War left the RJAF in a difficult position, as Jordan chose not to commit forces to combat. However, the aftermath of the war led to economic strains that impacted the RJAF, resulting in a shift towards modernization through upgrades rather than acquiring new aircraft.[30] In a bid to sustain operational readiness, the RJAF sold seven of its F-5E jets to Singapore, utilizing the proceeds to fund upgrades to its remaining fleet. This included the installation of the AN/APG-67 radar, advanced fire control systems, and upgraded weapons systems, which allowed the F-5s to maintain relevance in modern air combat despite lacking beyond-visual-range capabilities.[31]

By the late 1990s, the RJAF had established itself as a capable regional air force focused on maintaining a balance between operational readiness and cost-effectiveness. Continued support from international allies, including the United States and NATO members, played a significant role in helping Jordan sustain its air defense infrastructure amid limited resources.[32]

Modern era

[edit]
Jordanian F-16s

Following the Gulf War, the Royal Jordanian Air Force (RJAF) initiated a broad modernization program to address regional security challenges and enhance its strategic capabilities. As part of these efforts, Jordan acquired a range of transport, combat, and special operations aircraft.

In the early 1990s, Jordan procured two Airbus C-295 light transport aircraft to support logistics and tactical operations. The acquisition of several Antonov An-32 aircraft from Ukraine provided the RJAF with enhanced STOL capabilities, allowing rapid transport for the Royal Special Forces in remote or challenging environments.[33] However, the operational status of the An-32s has been uncertain in recent years, with the focus shifting to newer models.[34] In 1997, Jordan further enhanced its tactical airlift with the addition of a Lockheed C-130 Hercules, critical for both domestic operations and regional humanitarian missions.[35]

To improve heavy lift and logistics capabilities, the RJAF acquired two Ilyushin Il-76MF freighters from Russia in 2006. These aircraft have been instrumental in supporting Jordan’s extensive peacekeeping missions and other international deployments.[36] Additionally, the RJAF began to explore multi-role gunships, converting two CASA/IPTN CN-235 aircraft into AC235 gunships in collaboration with the King Abdullah II Design and Development Bureau (KADDB) and U.S. defense company Orbital ATK. These gunships, equipped with advanced sensors and precision weaponry, are intended to support special operations and counter-insurgency efforts.[37] The RJAF later explored the gunship version of the Airbus C-295 to further expand its close air support capabilities.[38]

The Jordanian Special Operations Aviation Brigade, created to support high-priority missions, has operated Sikorsky UH-60L Black Hawk and MD Helicopters MD-530F helicopters for special operations and border security missions. In the late 1990s, the RJAF received two squadrons of AH-1F Cobra gunships from the U.S. Army, later transferring some to Pakistan as Jordan transitioned to new platforms, including the Boeing AH-6 light attack helicopter.[39]

Under the U.S. Military Assistance Program, Jordan received 18 surplus Bell UH-1H helicopters in 1994, followed by an additional 18 in 1996. The UH-1H helicopters were subsequently transferred to the Iraqi Air Force as Jordan moved to acquire newer platforms.[40] In recent years, Jordan acquired eight UH-60A Black Hawks through a U.S. no-cost lease, and a further eight UH-60M Black Hawks were delivered in 2017 as part of a U.S. grant valued at $200 million.[41]

The RJAF maintains close military cooperation with neighboring air forces, providing training for Bahraini pilots and logistical support to the Iraqi Air Force. The RJAF also plays a critical role in joint operations with the United States Air Force, conducting routine exercises to enhance regional interoperability and readiness.[42] The current commander of the Royal Jordanian Air Force is Brigadier General Mohammad Hyasat.[43]

Operations in Syria and Regional Conflicts (2014–Present)

[edit]
Jordanian F-5 Tiger II aircraft

The RJAF has been active in regional conflicts, notably in the fight against ISIS and other terrorist organizations in Syria. On 16 April 2014, Jordanian fighter jets conducted airstrikes on vehicles attempting to cross from Syria into Jordan.[44] The following September, the RJAF joined U.S.-led Operation Inherent Resolve airstrikes against ISIS, marking Jordan's commitment to regional security.[45]

In December 2014, a Jordanian F-16 crashed near Raqqa, Syria, resulting in the capture of the pilot, Flight Lieutenant Moaz Youssef al-Kasasbeh, by ISIS militants. Despite diplomatic efforts, al-Kasasbeh was executed in early 2015, leading to a renewed commitment by Jordan against ISIS.[46] On 5 February 2015, the RJAF launched intensified strikes against ISIS positions in Syria, deploying 20 F-16s in operations supported by U.S.-supplied munitions, including JDAM precision bombs.[47]

In 2015, Israel transferred 16 Bell AH-1E/F Cobras to Jordan, further bolstering the RJAF’s counterinsurgency capabilities along Jordan’s borders.[48] While active in Syria, in late 2015 the RJAF shifted some resources to support Saudi-led operations against Houthi rebels in Yemen, although Jordan maintained a limited presence in Syria.[49]

In late January 2024, the Royal Jordanian Air Force was actively involved in a coordinated response following the Tower 22 drone attack on a U.S. base in northeastern Jordan. This attack, attributed to an Iranian-supplied drone launched by Iranian-backed militias, resulted in the deaths of three American soldiers and injured over 40 others. The drone struck Tower 22, a logistics and support base near the Syrian border, underscoring the increasing threats posed by regional militias.[50]

On February 3, 2024, as part of the U.S.-led retaliation, RJAF F-16s joined American B-1B bombers and other aircraft in a series of airstrikes targeting strategic militia positions across Syria and Iraq. The operation, involving over 125 precision-guided munitions, was aimed at weakening the operational capabilities of the militias responsible for the Tower 22 attack. The RJAF provided air support along the Syria-Iraq border, focusing on surveillance and striking secondary targets to limit militia movements and escape routes.[51][52]

In Syria, the strikes targeted several high-value facilities in Deir ez-Zor and al-Bukamal, including weapons depots, intelligence centers, and militia command posts affiliated with pro-Iranian forces. These locations served as vital hubs for arms and personnel, enabling cross-border operations by militias. The RJAF's involvement marked its expanded role in regional counterterrorism and security efforts, signaling its commitment to supporting coalition forces against Iranian influence.[53]

RJAF’s role in these strikes highlighted Jordan’s expanding security alliance with the United States, reflecting a proactive stance on countering threats from Iranian-aligned militias. Analysts have noted that this operation demonstrates Jordan’s strategic importance in regional security, as well as the RJAF’s growing capacity to participate in complex, multilateral defense operations.[54]

Mission

[edit]

Protect And Defend Sovereignty And The Integrity Of The Hashemite Kingdom Of Jordan.

  • Precision Engagement
The essence lies in the ability to apply selective force against specific targets because the nature and variety of future contingencies demand both precise and reliable use of military power with minimal risk and collateral damage.
  • Information Superiority
The ability of joint force commanders to keep pace with information and incorporate it into a campaign plan is crucial.
  • Agile Combat Support
Deployment and sustainment are keys to successful operations and cannot be separated. Agile combat support applies to all forces, from those permanently based to contingency buildups to expeditionary forces.
  • Core Values
The Air Force bases these core competencies and distinctive capabilities on a shared commitment to three values: Integrity first, Service before self, and Excellence in all we do.
  • The Secondary Tasks
    • To support Land Forces in any armed conflict with any external power.
    • To support security forces in their tasks of maintaining internal security, anti smuggling operations and border security operations.
  • Additional Tasks
    • Air lift operations.
    • Search and rescue.
    • Medical evacuation.
    • Relief operations.
    • Evacuation of citizens from areas of conflict.

Despite the limited funds and resources, Jordan has become actively involved in peace keeping operations, In 1994 the Jordanian Air Force participated in the airlifting operations to support the Jordanian troops serving with the United Nations in maintaining and preserving peace and resolving local disputes.

RJAF achieved more than 200 flying hours in support of the Jordanian Armed Forces participating in peace keeping operations in four continents.[55]

Organization

[edit]

The Royal Jordanian Air Force has a strength of 14,000 active personnel.[1] It contains six major airbases in addition to nineteen air squadrons, fourteen I-Hawk Batteries, and two training schools (a fighter aviation training school and a school of air combat). The Royal Jordanian Air Force Headquarters is at King Abdullah I Airbase in Amman.

Base Squadron Aircraft
King Abdullah I Air Base[56]
Amman Civil Airport
Marka, Amman, Jordan
3 Squadron C-130H, M28, C-145
7 Squadron AS332M-1, UH-60A, EC-635T1
Royal Squadron UH-60M VIP, AW-139
Air Ambulance Center AW-139
King Abdullah II Air Base[56]
Al Ghabawi, Jordan
8 Squadron UH-60M
9 Squadron S-100,
10 Squadron AH-1F SES
12 Squadron AH-1F
14 Squadron UH-60A
15 Squadron Ce208B-ISR
25 Squadron AT-802U, AT-802i Block 1B
28 Squadron MD530FF
30 Squadron UH-60L
Zarqa Air Base[56]
Sahel Nassab, Zarqa, Jordan
9 Squadron CH4B (withdrawn from use)
26 Squadron Mi-26T2
King Hussein Air Base[56]
Mafraq, Jordan
4 Squadron G120TP
5 Squadron R44-II
11 Squadron PC-21
Flight Instructor School G120TP
Muwaffaq Salti Air Base[56]
Azraq, Zarqa, Jordan
1 Squadron F-16AM/BM
2 Squadron (OCU) F-16AM/BM
6 Squadron F-16AM/BM
Prince Hassan Air Base[56] 17 Squadron Hawk Mk 63 (withdrawn from use)
Rweished Air Base[56] 10/12 Squadron (det.) AH-1F
15 Squadron (det.) Cessna 208B-ISR

Squadrons

[edit]
  • No. 1 Squadron RJAF – the Squadron was formed in 1958 with the Hawker Hunter and later equipped with F5s, the Mirage F1, and now the General Dynamics/Lockheed F-16.[56] It has been based in Amman, Mafraq and now Azraq, with short periods at H5, and Habbaniya (Iraq).[57]
  • No. 2 Squadron RJAF – was first formed in 1958 with de Havilland Vampires then with Hunters and later in 1974 with F5As and Bs as an advanced training squadron at King Hussein Air Base, Mafraq. It subsequently flew from Amman and Mafraq as a fighter squadron, then flew again from Mafraq, renamed in 1978 as the King Hussein Air College, with the CASA C-101 as the advanced jet trainer.[58] It is now at MSAB equipped with the F-16.[56]
  • No. 3 Squadron RJAF – was formed in 1959 and was a mixture of fixed-wing and helicopter until February 1973 when a helicopter squadron was formed. Its aircraft have included the de Havilland Dove; Heron; Ambassador; C47; C119; Brittan Norman Islander; CASA 212 and 235, with a helicopter flight of Westland Whirlwind; Widgeon; Scout and Alouette III. The Squadron belongs to the Air Lift Wing and is based at KAAB, Amman (Amman Civil Airport).[59] It is now equipped with the Lockheed C-130 Hercules and CASA 295.[56]

Royal Jordanian Air Defence

[edit]
  • Royal Jordanian air defense is part of the Royal Jordanian Air Force is equipped with Surface-to-Air missiles and Anti-Aircraft guns and Radar stations, as well as modern Electronic Warfare center and electronic countermeasure which is linked to command and control (C2) centers.
  • Jordan provided with an integrated, real-time air picture across multiple command centers and many remote sites to better protect the country's airspace. The system, known as Omnyx™, will combine sensor, voice and data communications to provide interoperability throughout the Royal Jordanian Air Force and other elements of Jordan's armed forces. With input from radars and other data links, the system will assist in detecting incoming air traffic and also provide the capabilities needed for airspace management, air sovereignty and air defense missions.[60]
  • RJAF C2 and EW Capability
    • Omnyx™ System enabling Jordanian Air Force to track and identify aircraft, evaluate any threats, initiate or monitor airborne engagements and enhance situational awareness of Jordanian airspace at all times.[60][61]
    • Jordan have a C4ISR subsystem capable of serving multiple internal services and agencies within Jordan and An Air Defense subsystem capable of early warning of air attack and real-time Command and Control (C2) of national air defense forces.[62][63][64][65]
    • RADIANT C4I National EW network, connecting regional control centers, ground radars and AD assets.
    • Jordan has the ability to detect cruise missiles, aircraft and unmanned drones at long distances through the project linking five U.S. 3D radars (1 FPS-117, 4 TPS-77), QAIA Radar and Gap-filler radars with ADSI (Air Defence System Integrator),[66] Airbases and all Fire Units to build air defence umbrella (IADS).
  • Air Surveillance Radars
    • 1 AN/FPS-117 3D Radar [67]
    • 4 AN/TPS-77 3D Radar
    • 5 AN/TPS-63 Tactical 2D Radar
    • 5 Marconi S711 Radar (Upgraded by AMS UK in 2005)
    • Gap-filler & Border Surveillance radars
  • Medium & Long Range Air Defence
    • 24 MIM-23B Phase III I-Hawk[68] (upgraded in 2016)[citation needed]
      • In the period from 2004 to 2012 the components of 8 Hawk Phase III batteries were acquired gradually and some old Hawk batteries were modernized to Phase III,[69] Jordan received more than 400 MEI-23E missiles in 2014 and 2016.[citation needed]

Equipment

[edit]

Current inventory

[edit]
An F-16 flying an air refueling mission
Jordanian Bell AH-1 Cobra
A C-130 Hercules fly over at the 2004 RIAT
Aircraft Origin Type Variant In service Notes
Combat aircraft
F-16 Fighting Falcon United States multirole F-16A MLU 43[70] Backbone of RJAF; upgraded with MLU[71] for improved avionics, radar, and compatibility with modern weaponry.[72] Some equipped with Glass V Paint. [73]
F-16B MLU 18[70] Dual-seat variant, also upgraded to MLU standard[74]; used for both operational missions and training. Some equipped with Glass V Paint. [75]
F-16 Block 70 12 (on order)[76] Pending delivery by 2027;[77] will feature advanced AESA radar and upgraded avionics.[78]
Special Mission
Cessna 208 United States ISR / ELINT 4[70]
Air Tractor AT-802 United States ISR 6[70]
Air Tractor AT-802 United States water bomber AT-802F 4[79]
Transport
CASA C-295 Spain transport 1[70]
Ilyushin Il-76 Russia tactical airlifter 1[70]
Cessna 208 United States light transport 2[70] being upgraded to ISR variant[80]
C-130 Hercules United States tactical airlifter C-130E/H 7[70]
PZL M28 Skytruck Poland utility / transport 2[70] 1 used for electronic warfare
Helicopters
Bell AH-1 United States attack AH-1E/F 43[70]
Boeing AH-6 United States light attack AH-6I 0[70] 24 on order[70]
Bell UH-1 United States utility UH-1H 36[70]
Sikorsky UH-60 United States SAR / COIN UH-60L/M/70i 31[70]
Eurocopter EC635 France light utility 7[70]
Eurocopter AS332 France utility / transport 10[70]
Mil Mi-26 Russia heavy lift Mi-26T2 4[70]
Trainer aircraft
Bell 505 United States rotorcraft trainer 5 5 on order[70]
T67 Firefly United Kingdom basic trainer 2[70]
Pilatus PC-21 Switzerland advanced trainer 12[70]
Grob G 120TP Germany basic trainer 12[70] 1 crashed in February 2024.[81]
Eurocopter AS350 France rotorcraft trainer 2[70]
Robinson R44 United States rotorcraft trainer 12[70]

Retired aircraft

[edit]

Previous notable aircraft operated were de Havilland Dove, F-104 Starfighter, Dassault Mirage F1, Cessna T-37, Boeing 727, Gulfstream III, An-12 Cub, Bulldog 125, CASA C-235, Alouette III, Aérospatiale Gazelle and the Sikorsky S-76[82][83][84]

Future developments

[edit]

The Royal Jordanian Air Force has received new aircraft, and other types of use have been withdrawn and put up for sale. On 24 July 2019, The Royal Jordanian Air Force Commander, Major General Yousef Huneiti, was appointed to a senior position as chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff of the Jordanian Armed Forces. The current Commander of the Royal Jordanian Air Force is brigadier general. Pilot Zaid Al-Najrish, who aims to continue in the footsteps of his predecessor in terms of more professionalism in the Royal Jordanian Air Force.

On the 3rd of March 2020, It was announced that instead of upgrading, Royal Jordanian Air Force is now looking to buy the latest F-16 Block 70/72 model to replace its current fleet of older F-16s. As early as September 2017, the Royal Jordanian Air Force was working with the U.S. Air Force Air Force Life Cycle Management Center (AFLCMC), based at Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, to begin the Viper Block-70 operational upgrade program. This study is still under way, but it is unclear whether, and when, it will apply where necessary congressional approvals are needed to sell these possibilities to Jordan.[85]

It was announced on the 28th of July 2021, that F-16 MLU fighter levels 5 and 6.5, which is approximately equivalent to F-16C/D Block 50/52 and F-16C/D Block 50/52 + the except of the radar armed with GBU, JDAM bombs, AAM and ASM missiles, and targeting and reconnaissance pods, a video was released by the Ministry of Defense showing Jordanian pilots training in the newly upgraded F-16s.[86][87]

With addition to the latest upgrade of F-16 fighters to MLU level, it was announced on 14 November 2021, that the latest F-16 MLU 6.5 were upgraded with fighter aircraft painted with radar-absorbent paint GLASS V PAINT.[88][89]

On the 3rd of February 2022, The State Department has made a determination approving a possible Foreign Military Sale to the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan of F-16 C/D Block 70 aircraft and related equipment for an estimated cost of $4.21 billion. The Defense Security Cooperation Agency delivered the required certification notifying Congress of this possible sale that day.[90][91][92] It is believed that Jordan aims to acquire 12 C models, and four D models, as well as 21 F100 engines (providing five spare engines) and associated weapon and system packages.[93]

Personnel

[edit]

Commanders

[edit]
US General Martin E. Dempsey (left) with Major General Malek Al-Habashneh, the chief of the RJAF in 2013.

The Royal Jordanian Air Force is headed by the Commander. The chiefs of the RJAF are as follows:[94]

  1. 1956–1962 Major (Colonel) Ibrahim Osman
  2. 1962 Major Jereis Musharbash
  3. 1962 Major Sahal Hamzeh
  4. 1962–1970 Major (Major-General) Saleh El Kurdi
  5. 1971–1973 Brigadier Walid Sharafuddin
  6. 1973–1976 Brigadier Abboud Salem Hassan
  7. 1976–1980 Major (Major-General) Saleh El Kurdi
  8. 1980–1982 Brigadier (Major-General) Tayseer Zarour
  9. 1983–1993 Brigadier (Lieutenant-General) Ihsan Shurdom
  10. 1993–1994 Brigadier (Major-General) Awni Bilal
  11. 1994–1995 Brigadier (Major-General) Mohammed El Qudah
  12. 1995–1999 Brigadier (Major-General) Mohammed Khair Ababneh
  13. 1999–2002 Brigadier (Major-General) So'oud Nuseirat
  14. 2002–2004 Brigadier (Major-General) His Royal Highness Prince Faisal bin Hussein
  15. 2004–2006 Brigadier (Major-General) Hussein Al Biss
  16. 2006–2010 Brigadier (Major-General) Hussein Shodash
  17. 2010–2013 Brigadier (Major-General) Malek Al-Habashneh
  18. 2013–2016 Brigadier (Major-General) Mansour Al-Jbour
  19. 2016–2019 Brigadier (Major-General) Yousef Huneiti
  20. 2019–2021 Brigadier (Major-General) Zaid Naqrash
  21. 2021–Present Brigadier (Major-General) Mohammad Hyasat

Notable persons

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b International Institute for Strategic Studies (15 February 2023). The Military Balance 2023. London: Routledge. p. 335. ISBN 9781032508955.
  2. ^ "Jordanian military gets new chief". Janes. 30 July 2019. Retrieved 21 September 2019.
  3. ^ "Royal Jordanian Air Force History". GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  4. ^ "Jordanian Armed Forces". Jordanian Armed Forces. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  5. ^ "Jordanian Peacekeeping Missions". International Peacekeeping Journal. 2021. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  6. ^ "Royal Jordanian Air Force: Humanitarian Operations". Royal Jordanian Air Force Official Site. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  7. ^ "Jordan's Military Role in the Middle East". Middle East Institute. 15 July 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  8. ^ "Royal Jordanian Air Force Bases". GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  9. ^ "RJAF Modernization Programs". Janes Defense. 23 August 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  10. ^ "US-Jordan Defense Cooperation". U.S. Department of Defense. 5 September 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  11. ^ "NATO and Jordan Partnership". NATO Official Website. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  12. ^ "Jordanian Air Force in Regional Security". Center for Strategic and International Studies. 1 October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  13. ^ "Jordan's Defense Readiness". GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  14. ^ "The Royal Air Force in the Middle East". Royal Air Force. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  15. ^ Yitzhak, Ronen (2004). The Formation and Development of the Jordanian Air Force: 1948–1967. Vol. 40. pp. 158–174. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
  16. ^ "King Hussein and the Modernization of Jordan's Military". Jordanian Armed Forces. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  17. ^ Yitzhak, Ronen (2004). "The Development of Jordan's Air Defense". Middle Eastern Studies. 40 (5): 158–174.
  18. ^ Pike, John. RJAF and Middle Eastern Military Assets. GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  19. ^ "Where Falcons Dare: Hamid Anwar". The Friday Times. 3 July 2015. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  20. ^ Spencer C. Tucker (2010). The Encyclopedia of Middle East Wars. ABC-CLIO. p. 663. ISBN 978-1-85109-948-1.
  21. ^ Simon Dunstan (2012). The Six Day War 1967: Sinai. Osprey Publishing. p. 39. ISBN 978-1-78200-241-3.
  22. ^ "Rebuilding Jordan's Air Defense after the Six-Day War". Janes Defense. 20 September 1968. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  23. ^ Zimmermann, Anne Mariel (2016). US Assistance in the Middle East. Springer. p. 132. ISBN 9781349950003.
  24. ^ Patricia D. Young (2010). Allies in the Cold War: Iran, Pakistan, and Jordan. Routledge. p. 245. ISBN 9781136963090. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: checksum (help)
  25. ^ "Cessna T-37 Tweet in RJAF Training Program". Royal Jordanian Air Force. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  26. ^ Peterson, J.E. (2013). Oman's Insurgencies. Saqi Books. p. 376. ISBN 978-0863567025.
  27. ^ "The Mirage F1 in Jordan". GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  28. ^ "Jordan-Iraq Military Cooperation". Center for Strategic and International Studies. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  29. ^ Roberts, James (2015). Peacekeeping and Humanitarian Support in the Middle East. Routledge. p. 129. ISBN 9781138171424. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: checksum (help)
  30. ^ Spencer C. Tucker, ed. (2014). Persian Gulf War Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 195. ISBN 9781610694162.
  31. ^ "RJAF F-5 Upgrade Program". Janes Defense. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  32. ^ "Jordan's Air Force in the Post-Gulf War Era". NATO. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  33. ^ "Jordan's Tactical Airlift and Special Ops Transport". Airbus Defence and Space. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  34. ^ "Special Operations Airlift in Jordan". Janes. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  35. ^ "Lockheed C-130 Hercules in Jordanian Service". Lockheed Martin. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  36. ^ "Jordan's Acquisition of Il-76MF Freighters". Janes Defence. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  37. ^ "Jordan takes delivery of AC235 gunship". FlightGlobal. 7 May 2014. Archived from the original on 19 February 2015. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  38. ^ "Airbus Defence and Space and ATK announce C-295 gunship". Airbus Military. 17 June 2014. Archived from the original on 1 July 2014. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  39. ^ "Special Operations Aviation in Jordan". U.S. Army. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  40. ^ "Military Aid: U.S. Surplus Aircraft to Jordan". U.S. Department of Defense. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  41. ^ "Jordan receives eight Blackhawks from US". The Jordan Times. 4 March 2016. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  42. ^ "Jordan's Military Partnerships in the Gulf Region". Middle East Institute. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  43. ^ "RJAF Leadership". Jordanian Armed Forces. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  44. ^ "Jordanian air force destroys vehicles entering from Syria". Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  45. ^ "Jordan joins US-led strikes in Syria". Military Times. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  46. ^ Botelho, Greg. "Jordan executes prisoners after ISIS hostage burned alive". CNN World News. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  47. ^ "Jordan launches new air strikes against ISIL". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  48. ^ "Royal Jordanian Air Force". Airheadsfly.com. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  49. ^ Eric Schmitt and Michael R. Gordon (7 November 2015). "As U.S. Escalates Air War on ISIS, Allies Slip Away". The New York Times. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  50. ^ Hassan, Mohammed (29 January 2024). "Iranian-backed Militias Launch Deadly Drone Attack on U.S. Base in Jordan". Reuters. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  51. ^ Schmitt, Eric (4 February 2024). "U.S. Hits Iranian Proxies After Drone Attack on American Forces". The New York Times. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  52. ^ "RJAF Supports US Retaliation After Deadly Tower 22 Attack". Middle East Defense Journal. 8 February 2024. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  53. ^ "Strategic Targeting in US-Jordan Strikes on Iranian Proxies". Center for Strategic and International Studies. 6 February 2024. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  54. ^ "Jordan's Strategic Role in Regional Security". Al Jazeera. 8 February 2024. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  55. ^ "RJAF Mission".
  56. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Armed Forces Overviews". Scramble. Archived from the original on 23 January 2016. Retrieved 9 December 2015.
  57. ^ RJAF official site
  58. ^ rjaf.mil.jo
  59. ^ "RJAF". RJAF. Archived from the original on 17 October 2008. Retrieved 10 June 2016.
  60. ^ a b "Lockheed Martin • Lockheed Martin Receives $26 Million Contract to Help Royal Jordanian Air Force Control and Defend Its Airspace". Archived from the original on 28 January 2013. Retrieved 1 March 2013.
  61. ^ "Jordan: Air Force interoperability and modernization". Middle East Confidential. Archived from the original on 8 October 2013. Retrieved 1 March 2013.
  62. ^ "Jordan – Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance System" (PDF) (Press release). Defense Security Cooperation Agency. 28 September 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 December 2011.
  63. ^ "FMS: Jordan Seeks Integrated C4ISR System". Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 8 February 2013.
  64. ^ "Jordan to Establish C4ISR Network – Tags: ARMS transfers MILITARY art & science". Archived from the original on 14 December 2014. Retrieved 8 February 2013.
  65. ^ "Jordan seeks C4ISR upgrade". Archived from the original on 8 April 2013.
  66. ^ "شركة Ultra ELECTRONICS تعرض نظم إمرة وتحكم لمنظومات الدفاع الجوي". 18 October 2015. Archived from the original on 18 October 2015.
  67. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). www.dsca.mil. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 August 2003. Retrieved 17 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  68. ^ International Institute for Strategic Studies (2023). Hackett, James (ed.). The Military Balance 2023 (Report). Routledge. p. 335. ISBN 9781032508955. ISSN 0459-7222.
  69. ^ "results".
  70. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Hoyle, Craig (2023). "World Air Forces 2024". FlightGlobal. Retrieved 27 May 2024.
  71. ^ https://www.f-16.net/f-16_versions_article2.html
  72. ^ https://www.janes.com/osint-insights/defence-news/defence/jordan-places-new-f-16s-under-contract
  73. ^ https://x.com/Nashab_32/status/1487883553526407175
  74. ^ https://www.f-16.net/f-16_versions_article2.html
  75. ^ https://x.com/Nashab_32/status/1487883553526407175
  76. ^ https://breakingdefense.com/2023/01/jordan-inks-deal-for-12-block-70-f-16s-from-lockheed-martin/
  77. ^ https://breakingdefense.com/2023/01/jordan-inks-deal-for-12-block-70-f-16s-from-lockheed-martin/
  78. ^ https://www.janes.com/osint-insights/defence-news/defence/jordan-places-new-f-16s-under-contract
  79. ^ de Bruijn, Stephan (6 June 2023). "Jordan welcomes another Air Tractor AT-802". Key Publishing. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
  80. ^ Jennings, Gareth (11 November 2022). "IOMAX to fit ISR system to new Jordanian Grand Caravans". Jane's. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
  81. ^ "Two killed in Jordanian military aircraft crash during training — statement". Arab News. 11 February 2024. Retrieved 12 February 2024.
  82. ^ "World Air Forces 1987 pg. 67". flightglobal.com. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
  83. ^ "World Air Forces 1975 pg. 304". flightglobal.com. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
  84. ^ "أعلان بيع طائرات".
  85. ^ "RJAF is now looking to buy the latest F-16V Block 70/72 model to replace its current fleet of older F-16s". www.udefense.info. March 2020.
  86. ^ نشّاب | Nashab 🇯🇴 [@Nashab_32] (28 July 2021). "#سلاح_الجو_الملكي_الأردني 🇯🇴 المقاتلة أمريكية الصنع F-16 MLU من @LockheedMartin من المستويين 5 و 6.5 أي ما يوازي تقريبا Block 50/52 و +Block 50/52 بإستثناء الرادار تتسلح بقنابل GBU, JDAM وصواريخ AAM و AGM وبودات تهديف واستطلاع تمرين #عرين_الأسود #RJAF #Royal_Jordanian_Air_Force https://t.co/X3VpBbedB1" [#RoyalJordanian_Air Force 🇯🇴 The American-made F-16 MLU fighter from @LockheedMartin of levels 5 and 6.5, which is approximately equivalent to Block 50/52 and Block 50/52 +, except for the radar. It is armed with GBU, JDAM, AAM and AGM missiles, and targeting and reconnaissance pods. #RJAF #Royal_Jordanian_Air_Force] (Tweet) (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 6 August 2021. Retrieved 2 December 2022 – via Twitter.
  87. ^ "Jordan – F-16 Air Combat Training Center | Defense Security Cooperation Agency".
  88. ^ نشّاب | Nashab 🇯🇴 [@Nashab_32] (14 November 2021). "Image of a Royal Jordanian Air Force 🇯🇴 F-16 MLU 6.5 (161) fighter aircraft painted with radar-absorbent paint GLASS V PAINT Photo from the Royal Jordanian Air Force Ladies Club's visit to the Martyr Muwaffaq Al Salti MSAB base, the headquarters of Jordan's F-16 fighter jets. https://t.co/vTvppl1exD" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 27 August 2022. Retrieved 2 December 2022 – via Twitter.
  89. ^ نشّاب | Nashab 🇯🇴 [@Nashab_32] (30 January 2022). "Officially shown is the Jordanian 🇯🇴 RJAF F-16 MLU fighter with radar-absorbent paint GLASS V PAINT رسمياً تظهر المقاتلة F-16 MLU من سلاح الجو الملكي الأردني 🇯🇴 المطلية بطلاء الماص لأشعة الرادار GLASS V PAINT https://t.co/Jz0yzQkDmM https://t.co/VneKdmNjMb https://t.co/UQ5o5FV0x8" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 24 August 2022. Retrieved 2 December 2022 – via Twitter.
  90. ^ "Jordan – F-16 C/D Block 70 Aircraft | Defense Security Cooperation Agency". www.dsca.mil. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  91. ^ نشّاب | Nashab 🇯🇴 [@Nashab_32] (3 February 2022). "أبشروا يا النشااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااامى وأخيراً 😍 إعلان بيع 16 مقاتلة F-16 Block 70/72 الأحدث والأعلى تقنية في العالم لسلاح الجو الملكي الاردني 🇯🇴 بقيمة 4.21 مليار دولار سأفصل سبب إرتفاع الصفقة لاحقاً وهو بسبب وجود المزيد من قطع الغيار والتسليح ضمن الصفقة https://t.co/r3Wc8hzHLr https://t.co/7sTAN3jiTw" [Good tidings, young people, and finally 😍 Announcing the sale of 16 F-16 Block 70/72 fighters, the latest and highest technology in the world, to the Royal Jordanian Air Force 🇯🇴, at a value of $ 4.21 billion. I will detail the reason for the increase in the deal later, which is because there are more spare parts and armament in the deal.] (Tweet) (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 7 February 2022. Retrieved 2 December 2022 – via Twitter.
  92. ^ Political-Military Affairs, US Dept of State [@StateDeptPM] (3 February 2022). ".@StateDept authorizes a proposed Foreign Military Sale #FMS to #Jordan for their purchase of up to 16 F-16 aircraft and related equipment for an estimated cost of up to $4.21 billion. #FMSUpdate – https://t.co/bIhBlKnCaC https://t.co/1qdRyiEPqb" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 4 September 2022. Retrieved 2 December 2022 – via Twitter.
  93. ^ "Biden administration approves $4.2B F-16 sale to Jordan". Defense News. 4 February 2022. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
  94. ^ "RJAF Commanders". www,rjaf.mil.jo. Royal Jordanian Air Force. Archived from the original on 1 June 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
  • Griffin, David J., 60 Years of the Hawker Hunter, 1951 to 2011
  • Pike, Richard. The Hunter Boys. UK: Grub Street Publishing, 2014. ISBN 978-1909808034.
[edit]