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Chulalongkorn University

Coordinates: 13°44′18″N 100°31′56″E / 13.738359°N 100.532097°E / 13.738359; 100.532097
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Chulalongkorn University
จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย
Phra Kiao, Chulalongkorn University Seal
Former names
  • Royal Pages School
  • Civil Service College of King Chulalongkorn
Motto
  • เกียรติภูมิจุฬาฯ คือเกียรติแห่งการรับใช้ประชาชน (unofficial)
  • เสาหลักแห่งแผ่นดิน (vision statement)
Motto in English
  • Honour of Chula is the Honour of Serving the Public (unofficial)
  • Pillar of the Kingdom (vision statement)
TypeAutonomous public university
Established26 March 1917; 107 years ago (1917-03-26)
FounderKing Vajiravudh
Academic affiliation
ASAIHL, AUN, APRU, Washington University in St. Louis McDonnell International Scholars Academy[1]
Budget5,535 million baht (FY2019)
PresidentWilert Puriwat
Students37,626[2]
Undergraduates26,202[2]
Postgraduates8,029[2]
2,627[2]
Location
Pathum Wan, Bangkok
,
Thailand

13°44′18″N 100°31′56″E / 13.738359°N 100.532097°E / 13.738359; 100.532097
CampusDowntown 2.0944 km2 (0.8087 sq mi)
Anthem"Maha Chulalongkorn"
("Great Chulalongkorn")
Colours  Pink
MascotSamanea saman
Websitechula.ac.th
chula.ac.th/en
Pillar of the kingdom

Chulalongkorn University (CU, Thai: จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย, RTGS: Chulalongkon Mahawitthayalai), nicknamed Chula (Thai: จุฬาฯ), is a public autonomous research university in Bangkok, Thailand. The university was originally founded during King Chulalongkorn's reign as a school for training royal pages and civil servants in 1899 (B.E. 2442) at the Grand Palace. It was later established as a national university in 1917, making it the oldest institute of higher education in Thailand.[3]

During the reign of Chulalongkorn's son, King Vajiravudh, the Royal Pages School became the Civil Service College of King Chulalongkorn. The Rockefeller Foundation[4] was instrumental in helping the college form its academic foundation.[5][6] On 26 March 1917, King Vajiravudh renamed the college "Chulalongkorn University".[7]

Chulalongkorn University is one of the National Research Universities and supported by the Office of Nation Education Standards and Quality Assessment of Thailand. Moreover, CU is the only Thai university which is a member of Association of Pacific Rim Universities (APRU).[8]

Chulalongkorn University

CU is composed of nineteen faculties, a School of Agriculture, three colleges, ten institutes and two other schools. Its campus occupies a vast area in downtown Bangkok. Graduates customarily receive their diplomas from the King of Thailand, a tradition begun by King Prajadhipok.

History

[edit]
The university was named after King Chulalongkorn
Statues of King Chulalongkorn and King Vajiravudh

King Chulalongkorn's reforms, aimed at transforming Thailand into a modern state, demanded trained officials specialized in various fields. In 1899, the King founded the "Civil Service Training School"[9] near the north gate of the Grand Palace. Those who graduated from the school would become royal pages. As royal pages, they learned how to manage organizations by working closely with the king, which was a traditional way to enter the Siamese bureaucracy. After serving as royal pages, they would then serve in the Ministry of Interior or other government ministries.

On 1 April 1902, the King renamed the school. It became the "Royal Pages School" (Thai: โรงเรียนมหาดเล็ก).[10] On 1 January 1911, King Vajiravudh changed the name to "Civil Service College of King Chulalongkorn" (Thai: โรงเรียนข้าราชการพลเรือนของพระบาทสมเด็จพระจุลจอมเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว) as a memorial to his father and moved the school to Windsor Palace in the Pathumwan District.[11]

The King subsidized the construction of a university campus and organized various schools around the city into Chulalongkorn. The college offered eight majors taught by five schools including;

Chulalongkorn University Auditorium

King Rama VI realized that education should be provided not only to bureaucrats, but to all people. On 26 March 1917, the college was upgraded to "Chulalongkorn University" (Thai: จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย),[12] and the schools were transformed into four faculties: Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Faculty of Public Administration, Faculty of Engineering, and Faculty of Medicine.

The Rockefeller Foundation reorganized the curriculum of the Faculty of Medicine. In 1923, the Faculty of Medicine became the first faculty to accept secondary school (Mattayom) graduates. The remaining faculties then followed suit. After the 1932 Revolution, the People's Party wanted legal and political studies to be independent of "royalists" so they moved the Faculty of Law and Political Science to the new Thammasat University in 1933.

In 1938, Chulalongkorn University's Preparatory School was founded to provide pre-collegiate education to students. Those who managed to enter the university had to spend two years in the Preparatory School before going on to the Faculty of Arts and Sciences. The Preparatory School, however, ceased to be a university-owned preparatory school in 1947 and became the independent Triam Udom Suksa School. Later, the university established Chulalongkorn University Demonstration School (CUD) as a laboratory school for primary and secondary education for the Faculty of Education.

Chulalongkorn University

Symbols

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Phra Kiao

[edit]
Main article: Phra Kiao
Pra Kiao model, CU Museum

Since the establishment of the Royal Pages School, the former name of the university, King Chulalongkorn authorized the use of his personal emblem as a school emblem.[13] The emblem is called Phra Kiao, a Thai coronet, royal headgear for young princes and princesses. As the school was transformed into the university, the King authorized the use of phra kiao. Today, phra kiao appears not only in formal letters and transcripts, but also on souvenirs made by the university as well as student uniforms.

Student uniform

[edit]

Undergraduates are required to wear a uniform when studying, taking examinations, or contacting the university in person. Male graduate students wear a collared or polo shirt and dark trousers. Women wear a plain blouse with long skirt.

Originally, the university uniform was adapted from a uniform worn by Chulalongkorn's heirs.[14] The uniform was later updated, but the original is reserved as a formal uniform. The formal uniform is usually worn by student leaders and graduates.

Today, the ordinary uniform for male undergraduate students consists of a plain white shirt with long or short sleeves and black (or dark blue) trousers. Wearing a dark blue necktie with colored phra kiao engraved on its front is mandatory for first-year students but optional for higher years. However, a black tie with a silver phra kiao pin is usually used by upperclass student in some faculties. Female students are required to wear a short-sleeved blouse with a fold along the spine. The buttons must be made of metal, and a small phra kiao emblem must be pinned on the right breast. A dark blue or black pleated skirt with any black, white, or brown shoes are worn. For female first-year students, white leather shoes are mandatory.[15] Chulalongkorn University's uniforms have long been the template of many uniforms used in other universities in Thailand.

Academic dress

[edit]
Main articles: khrui and Academic dress of Chulalongkorn University

The academic dress of Chulalongkorn University is based on ceremonial attire called khrui, a gown made from very fine mesh. The robe was originally reserved for pre-ordination monks, ministers and royal family members. Like dresses worn in the United Kingdom, the robe is open-fronted and calf-length. Cap and hood, however, are omitted. The gown is faced and lined with a felt strip dyed according to the status of the wearer and decorated with gold ribbons. The elbow and wrist portion of the gown is also wrapped with the same felt strip.

Bachelor's and master's gown is faced and bordered with a black felt strip, while a doctor's gown uses a scarlet felt strip. This colour scheme is similar to one used at the University of Oxford: Black for bachelors and masters (and doctors in undress); Scarlet for doctors (in full-dress).[16] The cord (bachelor) or ribbon (master and doctor) dyed with the faculty colour is attached to the centre of the felt strip longitudinally.[17] Officers' (lecturers, university council members, vice-chancellor and chancellor) gown is faced with a pink strip and centred with a gold thread, regardless of the faculty. The specially designed gown with a yellow facing is reserved for the king of Thailand, who is also Visitor to the University.[18]

Vajiravudh authorized the university to use the traditional Thai gown instead of the western one,[19] but the regulation on this matter was enacted in 1930 by Prajadhipok.[20]

Example of felt strips

[edit]
  • Visitor to the University's robe
    Visitor to the University's robe
  • Officer's robe
    Officer's robe
  • Faculty of Science BSc
    Faculty of Science BSc
  • Faculty of Science MSc or MRes
    Faculty of Science MSc or MRes
  • Faculty of Science PhD
    Faculty of Science PhD
  • Faculty of Commerce and Accountancy B.Acc.
    Faculty of Commerce and Accountancy B.Acc.
  • Faculty of Commerce and Accountancy MAcc
    Faculty of Commerce and Accountancy MAcc
  • Faculty of Commerce and Accountancy DCom
    Faculty of Commerce and Accountancy DCom

Rain Trees

[edit]
Rain Tree near CU Auditorium

Rain trees are common on the university campus. They are associated with the cycle of student life. Fresh green leaves at beginning of the term represent the freshmen's naivete. As the tree produces slimy pods and sheds leaves, the ground beneath it becomes slippery, thus alerting students to prepare for examinations. If they walk carefully, they will not slip (pass examinations). If they walk heedlessly, they will slip and fall (fail examinations).[21]

From 1937–1957, many rain trees were cut down to free space for new buildings. King Bhumibol Adulyadej noticed the dramatic decrease in the number of rain trees. On 15 January 1962, he brought five trees from Hua Hin and planted them in front of the university auditorium, proclaiming: "...I give these five trees as an eternal memorial." (Thai: จึงขอฝากต้นไม้ไว้ห้าต้นให้เป็นเครื่องเตือนใจตลอดกาล).

Organization

[edit]
Main article: Faculties of Chulalongkorn University
Chulalongkorn Business School
Bundit Building
Chulalongkorn Business School in 2022
Faculty of Communication Arts

Chulalongkorn University consists of 19 faculties, three colleges, one school and many institutes which function as teaching and research units.[22][23]

In 1917, the university had four faculties: Arts and Sciences, Public Administration, Engineering, and Medicine. The Faculty of Law was established in 1933 as part of the Faculty of Law and Political Science.[24] From the 1930s to the 1950s it expanded to various fields including Pharmacy (1934), Veterinary Science (1935), Architecture (1939), Dentistry (1940), and Commerce and Accountancy (1943). In 1943, the regency government under General Phibun separated the Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy, and Veterinary Science to become the University of Medical Sciences, now Mahidol University. In 1948, the Faculty of Political Science was re-established. The Faculty of Education was established in 1957 from the School of Teacher Training at Baan Somdet Chao Phraya (Thai: โรงเรียนฝึกหัดครู บ้านสมเด็จเจ้าพระยา).[25] In 1967, the Faculty of Veterinary Science was returned from Kasetsart University and the Faculty of Medicine at Chulalongkorn Hospital was moved from University of Medical Sciences to Chulalongkorn University. In 1972, the Faculty of Dentistry and Faculty of Pharmacy were reinstated.

The Office of the Commission on Agricultural Resource Education (OCARE) was established in 2009.[26] It is not an administrative office, but a school in which teaching and research are carried out. It admits students from two groups: one from northern Thai provinces (Nan, Phayao, Phrae, Uttaradit) and another from the rest of country. It was upgraded to the School of Agricultural Resources with full degree-granting power on 5 March 2014.[23] In 2014 it became the School of Agriculture, Chulalongkorn University (SAR).

In 2019, aiming to address global industry changes and demand for relevant education, Chulalongkorn University launched Chulalongkorn School of Integrated Innovation (ScII) to offer the first in Asia interdisciplinary undergraduate degree in both arts and science - Bachelor of Arts and Science in Integrated Innovation (BAScii).[27]

CU central campus

Health sciences

[edit]

Science and technology

[edit]
  • Faculty of Architecture
  • Faculty of Engineering
  • Faculty of Science
  • School of Agricultural Resources

Social science and humanities

[edit]


Integrated Faculty

[edit]

International programs

[edit]
Inside Chulalongkorn University Auditorium

CU's international programs offers 99 international programs, including 17 Bachelor, 48 Master and 34 Doctoral programs. Admissions for international students are based on the guidelines issued by the Council of University Presidents of Thailand.

Bachelor's Degrees:

Graduate institutes

[edit]
  • College of Population Studies
  • College of Public Health Science
  • Graduate School
  • Language Institute
  • Petroleum and Petrochemical College
  • Sasin School of Management

Research institutes

[edit]
  • Aquatic Resources Research Institute
  • Energy Research Institute
  • Environmental Research Institute
  • Institute of Asian Studies
  • Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering
  • Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute
  • Social Research Institute
  • Transportation Institute

Associated institutes

[edit]
  • Police Nursing College
  • Red Cross College of Nursing

Research

[edit]

Chulalongkorn University has research organizations in many fields of study.

  • Aquatic Resources Research Institute
  • Energy Research Institute
  • Environment Research Institute
  • Social Research Institute
  • The Institute of Biotechnology and Genetics Engineering
  • Metallurgy and Material Science Research Institute
  • Institute of Asian Studies
  • Transportation Institute

Rankings

[edit]
University rankings
Global – Overall
ARWU World[29]501–600 (2023)
QS World[30]211 (2024)
THE World[31]601–800 (2024)
USNWR Global[32]=547 (2023)

Overall

[edit]
  • In the QS Asia University Rankings 2016. Chulalongkorn has been ranked as the top Thai university and 45th in Asia[33]
  • In the QS World University Rankings 2017/18. Chulalongkorn is ranked the 1st in Thailand and 245th in the world[34][35]
  • In the QS graduate employability rankings 2016. Chulalongkorn is No. 1 university in Thailand and No. 151 - 200 in the world
  • In the Center for World University Ranking or CWUR, Chulalongkorn is ranked as number 1 university in Thailand and 308th in world rankings in 2017, considered by alumni, researches, quality of curriculums and instructors.[36]
  • In the Round University Ranking 2017. Chulalongkorn is ranked the 1st in Thailand and ranked 398th in the world.[37]
  • In the RUR Research Performance World University Rankings 2016. Chulalongkorn is No. 1 university in Thailand and No. 424 in the world
  • In the CWTS Leiden Ranking 2016. Chulalongkorn is ranked the first in Thailand and 432nd in the world.[38]
  • In the THE World University Rankings 2016. Chulalongkorn is ranked 601–800 in the world.[39]
  • In the RUR Reputation Rankings 2016. Chulalongkorn is No. 1 university in Thailand and No. 182 in the world.[40]
  • In the SCImago institutions Ranking, which ranks international researches of universities. Chulalongkorn is ranked 475th in World rankings in 2016, up six places from last year.[41]
  • In the Academic Ranking of World Universities 2017. Chulalongkorn is No. 1 university in Thailand and No. 401-500 in the world.[42]
  • In the Nature Index, the affiliations of high-quality scientific articles. Chulalongkorn is ranked the 1st in Thailand in 2016.[43]
  • US News ranked Chulalongkorn 522th in the world.[44] based on the university's reputation, medium, citations, international cooperation, and he quantity of PhD students.
  • In the 2018 Times Higher Education Emerging Economies Index, Chula ranked 126.[45]
  • In the UI Green Metric-City Center, Chulalongkorn was ranked the 1st in national rankings and the 15th in world rankings.[46] considered by Setting and Infrastructure, Energy and Climate Change, Waste, Water, Transportation and Education.
  • The Webometric ranking indicates quantity and quality of the university's medium, considered by being searched by search engines, online documents, and citations in Google Scholar. Chulalongkorn is ranked the 1st in national rankings 548th in the world.[47]

Subject

[edit]

QS World University Rankings by Subject 2024: Chula ranked number one in Thailand in 32 disciplines[48]

World rank Subject
51 – 100
  • Dentistry
  • Development Studies
  • Engineering - Petroleum
  • Engineering - Mineral & Mining
  • Performing Arts
101 – 150
  • Anthropology
  • Architecture and Built Environment
  • Geography
  • Modern Languages
  • Pharmacy & Pharmacology
  • Politics
  • Social Sciences & Management
  • Social Policy & Administration
  • Sports-Related Subjects
151 – 200
  • Agriculture & Forestry
  • Arts and Humanities
  • Business & Management Studies
  • Chemistry
  • Civil and Structural Engineering
  • Economics & Econometrics
  • Electrical and Electronic Engineering
  • Chemical Engineering
  • History
  • Linguistics
  • Medicine
201 – 250
  • Accounting & Finance
  • Chemistry
  • Environmental Sciences
  • Earth & Marine Sciences
  • Law
  • Sociology
251 – 300
  • Education & Training
  • Mechanical, Aeronautical & Manufacturing Engineering
  • Materials Science
301 – 400
  • Physics & Astronomy
  • Biological Sciences
  • Computer Science & Information Systems

Scholarships

[edit]

Research scholarships

[edit]
  • The 90th Anniversary of Chulalongkorn University Scholarship
  • CU.Graduate School Thesis Grant
  • Overseas Research Experience Scholarship for Graduate Student
  • Overseas Academic Presentation Scholarship for Graduate Students
  • Overseas Academic Presentation Scholarship Option II for Graduate Student's and Postdoctoral Fellow's Publication
  • Domestic Academic Presentation Scholarship for Graduate Student
  • Postdoctoral Fellowship

Education scholarships

[edit]
  • The 100th Anniversary Chulalongkorn University for Doctoral Scholarship
  • H.M. King Bhumibhol Adulyadej's 72nd Birthday Anniversary Scholarship
  • Thainess Study Scholarship for Graduate Students
  • 60/40 Support for Tuition Fee
  • Teaching Assistant Scholarship
  • Research Assistant Scholarship
  • Tuition fees Scholarship for Master to Doctoral
  • ASEAN Scholarship
  • Scholarship for International Graduate Students

Campus

[edit]
Main article: Campus of Chulalongkorn University
Chulalongkorn University dormitory

The university campus occupies an area of 637 rai (101.9 ha; 252 acres) in the downtown Pathum Wan District. It accounts for just over half of the 1,153 rai (184.5 ha; 456 acres) of land owned by the university, the rest of which is commercially developed by the university's Property Management Office or used by other institutions.

Centenary Park

[edit]
Main article: Chulalongkorn University Centenary Park

The west side of Chula's campus is the site of this innovative park. It has gradually sloping portions.[49] Its 28 rai expanse contains a water retention pond with a capacity of 3.8 million liters and a rain garden. Both help to ameliorate Bangkok's seasonal flooding. It was built to commemorate Chula's 100th anniversary in 2017.[50]

Accommodation

[edit]

Chulalongkorn University International House (CU iHouse)[51] is a 26-storey, 846-unit, on campus residence for international students and lecturers. Rooms come fully furnished with air conditioning, modern conveniences, 24-hour security and safety systems. The residence is included in the university's shuttle bus services.

Honorary degrees

[edit]

The university has bestowed honorary degrees on heads of state and other international dignitaries, including two U.S. presidents:

Traditions

[edit]

Chulalongkorn University student traditions include:

  • Chula–Thammasat Traditional Football Match: The annual football match between Chulalongkorn University and Thammasat University in January at Suphashalasai Stadium. It first started in 1934.
  • Loy Krathong: an annual celebration of the full moon night, which usually falls on the first full moon day in November. Since the festival is open to the public, it attracts many people, especially Chulalongkorn students and faculty and those who live in downtown Bangkok, to come to the university to float their krathongs on the university's pond.
  • Chulalongkorn Academic Exhibition: a triennial academic and research exhibition presented by Chulalongkorn University's students and faculty. It is regarded as one of the most important academic fairs in Thailand.

Student activities and clubs

[edit]

The university is host to 40 student clubs, including the Buddhism and Traditions Club, the Religious Studies Club, the Mind Study Club, and the Thai Classical Music Club. Chulalongkorn also has a Morals Network, which actively campaigns to protect student activities from damaging the university's reputation. The university's Cheer Club annually organizes the Chula-Thammasat traditional football match.

Notable alumni

[edit]
For a more comprehensive list, see List of Chulalongkorn University people.
Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn
Princess Sirivannavari
Thawan Thamrongnawasawat
Paetongtarn Shinawatra
Wan Muhamad Noor Matha
Padipat Suntiphada
Natthaphong Ruengpanyawut
Chaithawat Tulathon
Thanathorn Juangroongruangkit
Chadchart Sittipunt
Sudarat Keyuraphan
Surakiart Sathirathai
Chit Phumisak
Tiang Sirikhanth
Boonlua Debyasuvarn
Prince Subhadradis Diskul
Violette Wautier
Urassaya Sperbund
Panipak Wongpattanakit
Sapsiree Taerattanachai

International reputation

[edit]
  • The PH21 team, Computer Engineering students at Chulalongkorn University, got the 1st prize from the Microsoft Imagine Cup 2016 in the games category[55]
  • Chulalongkorn University Concert Choir Won Gold Award in World-Class Musical Competition 2014[56][57]

Robocup competitions

[edit]

The university RoboCup team, Plasma‐Z, got several prizes from the robotics competition as follow.[58]

  • In 2005, almost reached the quarter-final at Osaka RoboCup.
  • In 2006, the third place and technical challenge at Bremen RoboCup.
  • In 2007, second place Atlanta World RoboCup.
  • In 2008, finally, the team got champion of World RoboCup Small‐Sized Robot League at Suzhou, China.

Moreover, another university Robocup team, Plasma-RX has participated in Rescue robot league at World RoboCup 2008, Suzhou, China, and won the first prize and the best-in-class in mobility award.[59][60]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "McDonnell International Scholars Academy".
  2. ^ a b c d Office of the Registrar, Chulalongkorn University. Statistics on Students in Different Level Archived December 1, 2017, at the Wayback Machine. Last updated May 21, 2018
  3. ^ "CU History". Archived from the original on October 8, 2016. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
  4. ^ Becker, William H. Innovative Partners The Rockefeller Foundation and Thailand. New York: The Rockefeller Foundation, 2013. William H. Becker. "Assets: Rockefeller Foundation" Rockefeller Foundation. 2013. https://assets.rockefellerfoundation.org/app/uploads/20131001203515/Innovative-Partners.pdf Archived December 20, 2016, at the Wayback Machine (29 November 2106).
  5. ^ "CU History". Archived from the original on October 8, 2016. Retrieved December 10, 2016.
  6. ^ "Thailand's 'Father of Modern Medicine'". News. January 23, 2014. Retrieved December 10, 2016.
  7. ^ Chulalongkorn University official website. CU History Archived October 8, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved January 15, 2016.
  8. ^ "Association of Pacific Rim Universities - Member Universities". apru.org. Archived from the original on September 4, 2017. Retrieved September 19, 2017.
  9. ^ Thai: โรงเรียนสำหรับฝึกหัดวิชาข้าราชการฝ่ายพลเรือน
  10. ^ ราชกิจจานุเบกษา, พระบรมราชโองการประกาศตั้งโรงเรียนมหาดเล็ก. เล่ม ๑๙, ตอน ๑, ๖ เมษายน พ.ศ.๒๔๔๕, หน้า ๑๖ (Royal Order to establish Royal Page School)
  11. ^ ราชกิจจานุเบกษา, พระบรมราชโองการประกาศตั้งโรงเรียนข้าราชการพลเรือนฯ , เล่ม ๒๗, ตอน ก, ๑๑ มกราคม พ.ศ.๒๔๕๔, หน้า ๑๒๓ (Royal Order to establish the Civil Service College of King Chulalongkorn)
  12. ^ ราชกิจจานุเบกษา, พระบรมราชโองการ ประกาศประดิษฐานโรงเรียนข้าราชการพลเรือนของพระบาทสมเด็จพระจุลจอมเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัวขึ้นเป็นโรงเรียนข้าราชการพลเรือน, เล่ม ๒๗, ตอน ก, ๑๕ เมษายน พ.ศ.๒๔๖๐ (ประกาศเมื่อวันที่ ๒๖ มีนาคม พ.ศ.๒๔๖๐, หน้า ๑๒๓ (Royal Order to establish the Civil Service College of King Chulalongkorn.)
  13. ^ About Phra Kiao by Chulalongkorn Memorial Hall Archived June 7, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  14. ^ History about CU uniform. Archived 20 May 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  15. ^ ราชกิจจานุเบกษา, ข้อบังคับจุฬาฯ ว่าด้วยเครื่องแบบ เครื่องหมาย และเครื่องแต่งกายนิสิต พ.ศ.๒๕๕๓, เล่ม ๑๒๗, ตอนพิเศษ ๕๒ ง, ๒๖ เมษายน พ.ศ.๒๕๕๓ (The university regulation on uniform and dress codes, 2010)
  16. ^ Shaw, G. W. (1995) Academical Dress of British and Irish Universities, Chichester: Philmore & Co. Ltd, ISBN 0-85033-974-X
  17. ^ ราชกิจจานุเบกษา.ข้อบังคับจุฬาฯ ว่าด้วยการกำหนดปริญญาในสาขาวิชา อักษรย่อสำหรับสาขาวิชา ครุยวิทยฐานะ เข็มวิทยฐานะ และครุยประจำตำแหน่ง พ.ศ.๒๕๕๓.เล่ม ๑๒๗ ตอนพิเศษ ๕๒ ง, ๒๖ เมษายน ๒๕๕๓. (University Regulation on Degrees Granted, Graduation and Faculty Gowns, 2010)
  18. ^ ราชกิจจานุเบกษา.พระราชกำหนดเสื้อครุยบัณฑิตของจุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย พ.ศ.๒๔๗๓. เล่ม ๔๗, ๖ กรกฎาคม ๒๔๗๓. (Regulation on Chulalongkorn University Graduation Gown, 1930)
  19. ^ Graduation Gown of Chulalongkorn University Archived May 10, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  20. ^ ราชกิจจานุเบกษา, พระราชกำหนดเสื้อครุยบัณฑิตของจุฬาลงกรณมหาวิทยาลัย พ.ศ.๒๔๗๓, เล่ม ๔๗ หน้า ๙๒-๙๖ (Academic dress act 1930)
  21. ^ Rain Tree-The Symbol of Chulalongkorn University Archived June 7, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  22. ^ ราชกิจจานุเบกษา, ประกาศจุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย เรื่อง ส่วนงานของมหาวิทยาลัย พ.ศ. ๒๕๕๒, เล่ม ๑๒๗, ตอนพิเศษ ๑๖ ง, ๑ กุมภาพันธ์ พ.ศ. ๒๕๕๓, หน้า ๗๐ (University notification (rather command) on academic units, 2008)
  23. ^ a b ราชกิจจานุเบกษา, ประกาศจุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย เรื่อง ส่วนงานของมหาวิทยาลัย (ฉบับที่ ๒) พ.ศ. ๒๕๕๗, เล่ม ๑๓๑, ตอนพิเศษ ๔๙ ง, ๑๘ มีนาคม พ.ศ. ๒๕๕๗, หน้า ๓ (Amendment to 2008 regulation, ratified 2014)
  24. ^ www.law.chula.ac.th Archived August 29, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  25. ^ Faculty of Education, Chulalongkorn University Archived September 4, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  26. ^ Principles and history of establishing OCARE. Archived March 5, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
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