Talk:Luminous efficiency function

Older comments

The integral sucks. What is it supposed to show / equal?? Can anyone correct this, please? Ian Cairns 23:50, 12 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Hes right, if you go to Planckian locus and multiply all constants units together, you will have W*m^2 (and this matches value given in ISO/CIE 10526:1991(E) sec5.1, so it must be right); divide by lambda^5 and you have W/m^3. Now, 683 lm/W is given in ISO/CIE 10527:1991(E) sec7.1, so it is correct, too. Plugging it into integral, we have W/m^3 * lm/W * m = lm/m^2, *NOT* just lm. WTF ?? 91.124.43.185

The J(lambda) specified is watts per wavelength, not W/m^3, so it's correct as stated. If you'd rather use W/m^3, then the answer would indeed be lm/m^2 as you suggest (assuming the dlambda is also in meters in that case). By the way, the comment you responded to is over two years old; I checked and the integral and units were substantially the same back then. Dicklyon 00:21, 14 January 2007 (UTC)

Could you please refer to formula for $J(\lambda )$ ? 82.207.27.24

It's not from a formula; think of it as the independent variable in this equation, the spectrum of the light flux in watts per unit wavelength, as a function of wavelength. Dicklyon 00:03, 16 January 2007 (UTC)

What I mean it is, well, it should be, flux x some surface area, so I would like to know what area it is, 195.137.203.137

The area is the surface of a large sphere around the source, since $J(\lambda )$ is based on the total power emitted. You may be being confused by the word "flux". There are two incompatible definitions of "flux" used in physics. One is a vector quantity, with dimensions of something per unit area. The other is the integral of that over some surface, i.e. it is a scalar that represents the total amount of that "something" that flows through the surface, per unit time. Here we're talking about the second type of flux—it's a scalar with dimensions of power. $J(\lambda )$ is the spectrum of the total radiant flux , in all directions. Note that the description of it as an "intensity" was wrong, and I have removed that from the article.--Srleffler 13:15, 16 January 2007 (UTC)

The area can be any surface, not necessarily spherical, not necessarily related to any source. It can be the area of the detector in a light meter, for example, which can then be positioned in any way you want relative to any set of sources. Or, instead of any area, you can apply the equation to the total power of a source; or other ways; The equation doesn't have much to say about where you can apply it. Dicklyon 16:38, 16 January 2007 (UTC)

Thanks I seem to getting to it. Could you (or anyone) point me to some page online where actual numbers are calculated, say for A source, or T=1234K, or anything, so that I could make sure I use the formula correctly? Whole this thing is because I am getting pretty big lux values, I think. 195.137.203.137

I see where the confusion came from. The article mistakenly described $J(\lambda )$ as a "spectral intensity". It is not. It is a power spectral density. $I(\lambda )$ is the spectral intensity.--Srleffler 06:19, 14 January 2007 (UTC)

but you know what lm/m^2 = Lux and if you integrate by that formula you will get reasonable values 195.137.203.137 (aka 91.124.43.185)

Errr... I was too fast in my conclusions, they are not reasonable. 82.207.27.24

Not sure what you're getting at, but if you have questions perhaps someone here can answer them.

I assume all the anon posts above are "you". You don't have to sign with your IP address. You could sign with your name or a pseudonym so others can tell that all these messages are from one person, even though the IP keeps changing. You can register your choice of username so no one else uses it. It only takes a few minutes and doesn't even require you to give your real name. This makes it easier for others to communicate with you, and gives you a few benefits that are only available to signed-in users.--Srleffler 22:36, 15 January 2007 (UTC)

This page could really use a graph of the function.--Srleffler 06:37, 12 November 2005 (UTC)

The graph on this page is utterly unreadable to anyone with even slight colorblindness. can someone add "on the left" and "on the right" to the descriptions in the caption?--Deglr6328 04:26, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

Srleffler fixed it. Wouldn't it have been easier for you to just do that than ask? Dicklyon 06:32, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

I presume he is colourblind, and could not do this for himself.--Srleffler 07:48, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

Probably is. But he said exactly what to do, and had it right, so I figured he had worked it out. Dicklyon 15:12, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

Is blue supposed to be shown in the graph? I assumed there would be three peaks, for red/green/blue, but there are only two.—The preceding unsigned comment was added by Atamido (talk • contribs) 10:32, November 14, 2006.

You have misunderstood. The peaks on the graph have nothing whatsoever to do with RGB; the choice of red and green for the two curves was completely arbitrary. Note also that (despite statements to the contrary that one sometimes sees) human vision is not an RGB system. There are three types of color receptor in the eye, but their peak responses are to yellowish-green, bluish-green, and blue-violet respectively. The brain determines color by comparing the responses of the three types of receptor. The red curve in this graph shows the combined response of all three.--Srleffler 15:42, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

I suppose it would have been smarter of me to choose two colors that would not lead to such a false impression. Maybe I'll fix it. Dicklyon 15:54, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

OK, I changed to green and black curves. Should be no need for color-blindness disambiguation any more, and no confusion with RGB. You might need to refresh if you still see green and red. Dicklyon 18:18, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

Of course, you've used black for the color vision curve and green for the monochrome vision curve. :) --Srleffler 01:45, 15 November 2006 (UTC)

Well, that's something I hadn't thought of. I used black for set with solid, dashed, and dotted so that they'd show up more clearly. But feel free to swap colors if you think it will help. Dicklyon 02:46, 15 November 2006 (UTC)

Ahhh now I can read it. Thank you!--Deglr6328 06:17, 15 November 2006 (UTC)

Astronomical definition

This needs some kind of disambiguation page -- "luminosity function" in astronomy means the number of objects of a given luminosity per unit volume of space. It's used in the context of stars, galaxies, and even quasars, so it's very broadly used. I'm not in a position to write such an article at the moment, but maybe someone could write a stub with just that info and create the disambiguation page? -- JThorstensen —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 67.142.130.36 (talk) 03:06, 3 May 2007 (UTC).

Human cone response

Quick plot of the mentioned Stockman, MacLeod and Johnson (1993) 2-deg cone fundamentals (colors) and corresponding photopic luminosity function (black)

Please provide the complete un-normalized response curves of the three types of humans color receptors, and show how this adds up to (or differs from) the Luminosity function.-69.87.203.133 02:23, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

The cone responses are physical; I'm not sure where to find good data on them, but I'll see. The luminosity function, on the other hand, is derived from psychovisual measurements. So there's not necessarily any simple relationship, is there? Presumably, though, the luminosity function is a linear combination of cone curves, since the XYZ color space is supposed to span the same 3D subspace of spectrum space that human color vision does. What are you hoping to get out of this exercise? Dicklyon 02:44, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

I found a bunch of cone datasets at the CVRL. Most seem to been constructed from color-matching functions, and based on some measurements that you'll have to chase down in the refs. They seem to be normalized. It's not clear what you can get from "un-normalized", but maybe there's something there. Some indicate the weights needed to get the (modified) photopic luminosity function, like this one, which indicates no weight at all for the short-wavelength cones. Dicklyon 04:40, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

Are there any plans to add a graph to the article showing response levels for the three normal cone types? Atamido (talk) 19:17, 19 March 2010 (UTC)

Note that some references show a second peak of the L receptor in the blue/violet part of the spectrum. This helps to explain the perception of violet light being a mix of red and blue perceptions. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.6.130.136 (talk) 20:18, 7 February 2015 (UTC)

It is ironic that the color-coding of the plot that demonstrates protanopia color blindness uses red-green curves---exactly the colors those folks who have the deficiency can not distinguish between (self induced). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.183.226.220 (talk) 13:25, 14 December 2018 (UTC)

This graph has the same problems I noted at Talk:Cone_cell#The_picture_in_the_infobox. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.61.180.106 (talk) 02:46, 8 March 2021 (UTC)

Integral should not be presented as an inner product?

I don't think the approximation to the integral should be described as an "inner product". I understand that considering the functions inside the integral to be infinite dimensional vectors and the integral to be an inner product is the way to go when considering coordinate system changes in that vector space (e.g. Fourier transform and so forth) and that approximating these functions as finite-dimensional vectors is appropriate in estimating the integral. However, the behavior of these functions under such transformations is not really relevant here, is it? So I think that introducing these functions as elements of an irrelevant space just serves to complicate matters. In other words there is no point in thinking of them as vectors unless their vector nature (invariance under transformation) is relevant, which it is not, I think - correct me if I am wrong. PAR (talk) 16:07, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

I don't understand your point. It is conventional to treat spectra as vectors in a Hilbert space. The operation is a inner product, whether on the discretized vector or the Hilbert space vector. Dicklyon (talk) 18:08, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

I think he's just saying that readers might find it confusing? I think describing it as an inner product is fine. --jacobolus (t) 18:54, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

Perhaps so. And the Poynton ref doesn't really support what's said there any more. But if it said that making it discrete makes it an inner product, which is about what Poynton says, that would be incorrect and confusing, wouldn't it? Maybe we need to find another good source to explain this, or just ditch all the vector talk. Dicklyon (talk) 19:20, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

Well, I guess my question would be: When, in color science or vision science, is it necessary to appeal to the vector nature of a spectrum, rather than just treating it as a simple function of wavelength, or frequency? I mean, a spectrum is also an element of a complex Hilbert space too, so why don't we say that the luminous flux is the inner product on this space:

$F=683.002\ \mathrm {lm/W} \cdot \int _{0}^{\infty }{\overline {y}}(\lambda )J^{*}(\lambda )d\lambda$

where * denotes the complex conjugate. The answer is, because we never need to use the properties of the functions as elements of a complex Hilbert space in any application of color and vision science. I don't think we need to use any properties of the functions as elements of a vector space either, so, for the same reason, lets not do it. PAR (talk) 21:41, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

Uncited speculation removed.

I removed the following from the article, since it is clearly identified as speculation/original research, and is uncited.

An argument can be made that the difference between rod and cone response is an evolutionary adaptation to survival under star-lit skies. The apparent-magnitude-weighted average spectrum of stars in the Earth's sky is bluer than the spectrum of the Sun (this statement is based on conversations with other professional astronomers and needs verification and a reference), hence the optimal vision for predation - and avoiding predation - at night is bluer than the optimal for daylight. P.r.newman (talk) 09:36, 3 April 2008 (UTC)

--Srleffler (talk) 05:04, 28 February 2008 (UTC)

Lower limit

Quick comment: The last section says that the lower spectral limit for eye responsivity is 507 nm. I assume that this should be 407 nm, to be consistent with the plot. 128.111.74.4 (talk) 21:53, 14 March 2008 (UTC)Scott

You seem to have misread it. The last section (on scotopic vision) says that the peak of the eye's sensitivity in dim light is 507 nm. This is the green curve on the graph.--Srleffler (talk) 02:23, 15 March 2008 (UTC)

Details

Is it necessary to use "discretized" to refer to the standard tables? Apparently common usage since the 60s, but I came to this page as a curious user, not a mathematician. Jabberwoch (talk) 12:46, 31 October 2011 (UTC)

That paragraph had a lot more abstract mathematical language than was necessary. I rephrased it a bit.--Srleffler (talk) 03:41, 1 November 2011 (UTC)

Can we have some average values ?

For common calculations, it would be really helpful to have a list of some weighted average values. For example, for "white" light (both tungsten and daylight). i.e. integral (photopic luminosity d color)

For example, if a light bulb emits 10 Watts of "average white" light, how many candelas is that? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.194.171.29 (talk) 03:13, 20 February 2012 (UTC)

You're looking at the wrong article. See Luminous efficacy for that.--Srleffler (talk) 05:49, 20 February 2012 (UTC)

"Sensitivity" ambiguous for me

At what output interface is this "sensitivity" exactly measured? Output of the rods? Optical nerve fibers? Which fibers? There are many types of fibers differing in color channel and spatial frequency. In subjective perception of "brightness"? In that case it's not a measurement of the eye, but eye+brain, which may be very subjective, vary from person to person and time to time.

I didn't find this specified anywhere in the article so unfortunately the article is meaningless for me.

"Under photopic conditions, the actual spectral performance varies significantly from the smoothed function V(l ) adopted by the CIE for a "Standard Observor." Although not often noted in the literature, the Standard Observor is neither a real observor or an average human observor. The accuracy of V(l ) has often been criticized, even by the Chairman of the Committee that adopted it. These variations will be discussed in abbreviated form below."

http://neuronresearch.net/vision/files/photopiceffic.htm

From this article I get an impression the Luminosity curve is complete bullshit and little to do with reality - would like that its explained in the Wikipedia article what exactly it actually is

— Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.58.143.68 (talk) 00:36, 25 June 2012 (UTC)

It’s not bullshit; it’s actually pretty good, considering the original methods used. As mentioned, it’s a description of eye/brain sensitivity to different wavelengths of light. Everything about color is subjective and varies from person to person and circumstance to circumstance. That doesn’t mean we shouldn’t try to make approximate models. More recent corrections have been suggested by several other scientists, including most recently Sharpe, Stockman, et al., based on measurements of the cones. You can read their several papers about it for technical details. –jacobolus (t) 01:19, 25 June 2012 (UTC)

Yeah, it's a little complicated. [Here's a book] with some explanation. For the cones, "sensitivity" makes more objective physical sense, and it's not about the "output", but about how different wavelengths of input are weighted, and the data can come from exact matching of color sensations. For luminance, you can't do it without a human having to make judgements about which of two different-colored regions is "brighter", which is a trickier test to get consistent results from. It depends on the individual's proportions of cone types, retinal wiring, and other stuff, so is more variable and less physical than the pigments in the opsins. But, as Jacobolus notes, it's not bullshit. Improve the article if you can. Dicklyon (talk) 03:21, 25 June 2012 (UTC)

I see you removed your comments & Dicklyon put them back... we’re not upset w/ you or anything for the "bullshit" label; I agree that this article is kind of a stub, and could be expanded and more fully explained, and I also agree that some of the models of vision are radical (over?)simplifications of vision, based on some really strong assumptions – they describe what a non-colorblind observer sees when in standardized light conditions, properly adapted to the lighting, and looking at a small patch of color on a standardized background, and especially how they match the appearance of one patch of color to another by twiddling knobs, under the assumption that Grassmann's law applies. All of these assumptions at best hold contingently and approximately. There’s good reason to be skeptical of models that are so persnickety and limited! –jacobolus (t) 07:08, 25 June 2012 (UTC)

Wavelength of 555.016 nm ?

The current version says the wavelength corresponding to the frequency of 540 THz is 555.016 nm, but it seems wrong. 299792458 / 540e12 = 555.17e-9. — TAKASUGI Shinji (talk) 01:55, 8 November 2013 (UTC)

Ah, it’s okay, as it is the wavelength in the standard air at 20°C. — TAKASUGI Shinji (talk) 01:57, 8 November 2013 (UTC)

Main graph problem

Isn't it colored wrong? Scotopic means dark, so scotopic should be black, and the photopic has maximum efficiency at green color, so it should be green.

The color is completely arbitrary. It's common, though, for the most important curve on a graph to be black, and for less important curves to be in lighter colors.--Srleffler (talk) 02:11, 12 June 2015 (UTC)

Is the spectrum right? How many spectrums are there?

It's about the second picture of the article, the color spectrum. Look at the color labeled as 700 nm: it appears black (at least in my monitor). It is not even dark red, it is black. Now write "light spectrum" in Google Images, you will see a lot of spectrums with a brilliant red at 700 nm. Now write "color space" in the same Google Images; you will see official CIE color plates, so look again at the 700 nm color: the same brilliant red. Nevertheless, other pictures show a dark red or even black. I know that different monitors can display little differences in the color, but this is excessive, this has nothing to do with monitors.

Can anybody explain why are there so big differences in such a fundamental science as visible electromagnetic waves? What color is exactly 700 nm? Grausvictor (talk) 18:50, 23 July 2015 (UTC)

Most images of the spectrum and color space diagrams attempt to represent just the hue, not the relative sensitivity of the eye to different wavelengths. The spectrum here attempts to show what you would actually see, if you were looking at a spectrum with equal intensity at every wavelength. It is almost black at 700 nm because that is right on the edge of your eye's response. A given amount of light at 700 nm is much harder to see than the same amount of light closer to the center of your eye's response. The image is, by the way, very clearly not completely black at 700 nm on my monitor. I see it as still clearly red out to almost 720 nm.

So, the big difference is not in fundamental science; it's just that there is a big difference between illustrating the hue of different wavelengths of light, and illustrating what you would actually see in practice.--Srleffler (talk) 06:06, 24 July 2015 (UTC)

To user Grausvictor — if you are looking at this on an sRGB monitor, the dominant of the red primary is only 611nm. You can not show 700nm on an sRGB monitor, thus on an sRGB monitor is should appear black. I would describe real 700nm as a "really red red" (super hot water on a white sink or tub looks pinkish — though this is Los Angeles city water, so not sure if there is a component therein that adds to this perception. LOL), while the red on an sRGB monitor is essentially a red-orange. Myndex (talk) 06:00, 22 February 2021 (UTC)

Not a bad answer to such an old question, but really, the spectrum image is pretty crappy. Maybe we could make a better one. Maybe a touch of "HDR compression" would even be in order to help the darker areas show their approximate hue? Dicklyon (talk) 05:08, 1 March 2021 (UTC)

PSD or SPD?

I think the link in the first section text to power spectral density should actually be spectral power distribution, since it is over wavelength and not time. --- squeen

Agree. "Density" is not per se wrong, but the link is to a different meaning which is wrong for the usage in this article. North8000 (talk) 21:22, 8 January 2019 (UTC)

I second that the SPD is also a density function, but I think SPD is the more common term (and proper link) in this usage case. Not a regular editor or definitive subject expert (just an engineer doing spectral ray tracing), I do not feel "empowered" to make this change unilaterally. Is there consensus? --- squeen 10 January 2019 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:154:C100:240:DE4A:3EFF:FE70:2F8A (talk) 13:30, 10 January 2019 (UTC)

Go for it! North8000 (talk) 15:36, 10 January 2019 (UTC)

Name change to luminous efficiency function

The CIE calls this the luminous efficiency function, and has not called it "luminosity function" since the 1930s. It is occasionally referred to as luminosity function in some papers on color vision deficiency into the 1950s/60s.

But the use of "luminosity function" in this context leads to the frequent and incorrect use of luminosity instead of the correct term luminance.

In modern colorimetry, luminosity means light over time, and is used often in astronomy, and is less correct in this context. Luminous efficiency function is the less ambiguous, less confusing terminology. Myndex (talk) 05:50, 22 February 2021 (UTC)

Done.--Srleffler (talk) 03:28, 1 March 2021 (UTC)

About the lead

I strongly believe that the lead of an article should be representative of the subject matter. Not just because it makes an article easier to read if it starts with a kind of summary, but also because many readers will just read the lead and maybe one of the sections if they're interested in something in particular. Keeping that in mind, let's look at the lead:

A luminous efficiency function or luminosity function describes the average spectral sensitivity of human visual perception of brightness.

And then right next to it is a picture of the CIE 1931 1 nm curve. The impression is given that this is a more or less exactly known quantity, but that's false, see Talk:Cone cell#The picture in the infobox for details. There's a noticeable ripple on the graph; this isn't caused by a deficiency in our SVG renderer, it's present in the 1 nm data and caused by the interpolation method used. But that's a minor issue compared to the fact that more recent research seems to indicate that the overall shape of the graph is off, especially towards the blue end of the spectrum. And of course there's some individual variation and age plays a role as well; showing thin solid lines doesn't communicate this fact well. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.61.180.106 (talk) 14:11, 8 March 2021 (UTC)

The fact that it begins with the article "a" rather than "the", plus the fact that the graph shows three different photopic functions ought to give the reader a clue that this is not an exactly known quantity. If there are problems with the published sources that are documented in other reliable published sources, the article should discuss those issues. If you have the time, you could try adding something. I recommend starting with adding something to the body of the article. We can then condense that for the lead afterward.--Srleffler (talk) 00:33, 14 March 2021 (UTC)

Measurement

I notice the article doesn't really discuss methods of measuring luminous efficiency, such as flicker photometry or direct brightness matching, or how to interpret the sometimes significant differences between results obtained through different methods. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.61.180.106 (talk) 14:17, 8 March 2021 (UTC)

That might be better placed in the article Spectral sensitivity. You're certainly welcome to add a section on that. Wikipedia is open to everyone to edit.--Srleffler (talk) 00:34, 14 March 2021 (UTC)