List of multi-level marketing companies
This is a list of companies which use multi-level marketing (also known as network marketing,[1][2][3][4][5] direct selling,[3][6] referral marketing,[7] and pyramid selling)[8][9][10][11][12] for most of their sales.
Active
- 5Linx
- ACN Inc.
- AdvoCare
- Ambit Energy
- American Income Life Insurance Company
- Amsoil
- Amway[13]
- Amway Global, previously known as Quixtar
- Ann Summers[14]
- Arbonne International
- Avon Products
- Barefoot Books[15]
- Beachbody[16]
- BioPerformance
- The Body Shop
- Cutco
- Discovery Toys[13]
- doTerra[17]
- Educo Seminar
- Forever Living Products
- FreeLife
- Fuel Freedom International
- Herbalife
- Isagenix International
- Juice Plus
- LegalShield, previously known as Pre-Paid Legal Services
- LifeVantage (Protandim)
- LimeLife
- Longrich
- LuLaRoe
- Lyoness
- Mannatech
- Market America
- Mary Kay[13]
- Medifast
- Melaleuca[18]
- Monat
- Morinda, Inc.[19]
- National Safety Associates
- Nature's Sunshine Products
- Neal's Yard Remedies Organic
- Nu Skin Enterprises[13][20]
- Omnilife
- Oriflame
- Pampered Chef[13]
- PM-International
- Primerica[13]
- Pure Romance
- Qnet, previously known as QuestNet, GoldQuest, and QI Limited
- Rodan + Fields
- Scentsy
- Seacret
- SeneGence
- Shaklee[13]
- Southwestern Advantage
- Stream Energy
- Success University
- Sunrider[13]
- Swarovski Touchstone Crystal
- Tastefully Simple
- Telecom Plus and its main subsidiary Utility Warehouse[21]
- Tupperware
- USANA Health Sciences
- Usborne Publishing
- Vector Marketing
- Vemma[22]
- ViSalus
- Wakaya Perfection
- Watkins Incorporated[13]
- World Financial Group
- XanGo[20]
- Young Living
- Younique
- YTB International
Defunct
- Beautycounter (dissolved in 2024)
- Betterware (placed into administration in 2018) [23]
- Black Oxygen Organics (shut down in November 2021)[24]
- BurnLounge (shut down as pyramid scheme by FTC in 2012)
- Equinox International (dissolved in 2001)
- European Grouping of Marketing Professionals/CEDIPAC SA (dissolved in 1995)
- European Home Retail (dissolved in 2007)
- Fortune Hi-Tech Marketing (dissolved in 2013)
- FundAmerica (bankrupt in 1990)[25]
- Holiday Magic (dissolved in 1974)
- House of Lloyd (a.k.a. "Christmas Around the World") (filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2002)
- Kleeneze (went into administration in 2018)
- The Longaberger Company (dissolved in 2018)[26]
- Metabolife (dissolved in 2005)
- MonaVie (went into foreclosure 2015)
- Nouveau Riche (real estate investment college) (dissolved in 2010)
- NXIVM[27][28]
- Seasilver (ceased trading in 2006)
- Solavei (dissolved in 2015)[29]
- Royal Tongan Limu (dissolved in 2003)
- Sunshine Empire (dissolved in 2009)
- Telexfree (bankrupt in 2014)
- United Sciences of America (dissolved in 1987)
- WakeUpNow (dissolved in 2015)
References
- ^ Pratt, Michael G.; Rosa, José Antonio (2003). "Transforming work-family conflict into commitment in network marketing organizations". The Academy of Management Journal. 46 (4): 395–418. JSTOR 30040635.
- ^ Vander Nat, Peter J.; Keep, William W. (2002). "Marketing Fraud: An Approach for Differentiating Multilevel Marketing from Pyramid Schemes". Journal of Public Policy & Marketing. 21 (1): 139–15. doi:10.1509/jppm.21.1.139.17603. S2CID 154490614.
- ^ a b Merrilees, Bill; Miller, Dale (1999). "Direct Selling in the West and East: The Relative Roles of Product and Relationship (Guanxi) Drivers". Journal of Business Research. 45 (3): 267–273. doi:10.1016/S0148-2963(97)00238-5.
- ^ Cahn, Peter S. (2006). "Building down and Dreaming up: Finding Faith in a Mexican Multilevel Marketer". American Ethnologist. 33 (1): 126–142. doi:10.1525/ae.2006.33.1.126.
- ^ Marcason, Wendy (2006). "What Are the Facts and Myths about Mangosteen?". Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 106 (6): 986. doi:10.1016/j.jada.2006.04.008. PMID 16720137.
- ^ Valentine, Debra A. (May 13, 1998). "Pyramid Schemes". FTC. Retrieved July 30, 2015.
- ^ "multi-level marketing (a.k.a. network marketing & referral marketing) – The Skeptic's Dictionary". Skepdic.com. 1991-12-09. Retrieved 2010-02-04.
- ^ Edwards, Paul (1997). Franchising & licensing: two powerful ways to grow your business in any economy. Tarcher. p. 356. ISBN 0-87477-898-0.
- ^ Clegg, Brian (2000). The invisible customer: strategies for successive customer service down the wire. Kogan Page. p. 112. ISBN 0-7494-3144-X.
- ^ Higgs, Philip; Smith, Jane (2007). Rethinking Our World. Juta Academic. p. 30. ISBN 978-0-7021-7255-7.
- ^ Kitching, Trevor (2001). Purchasing scams and how to avoid them. Gower Publishing Company. p. 4. ISBN 0-566-08281-0.
- ^ Mendelsohn, Martin (2004). The guide to franchising. Cengage Learning Business Press. p. 36. ISBN 1-84480-162-4.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Roha, Ronaleen R. (November 1991). The Ups and Downs of "Downlines". p. 66.
{{cite book}}:|newspaper=ignored (help) - ^ Tatum, Megan (28 November 2019). "Easy money and exploitation: should grocery brands explore multi-level marketing?". The Grocer. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
- ^ Lacey, Hester (30 January 2014). "Success Story: 8 Hints From The Publisher Who Said No To Amazon". Forbes. Archived from the original on 10 April 2020. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
- ^ Rovell, Darren (31 January 2011). "Beach Body Grows Exponentially Thanks to Network Marketing". CNBC. Retrieved 2015-03-28.
- ^ Harvey, Tom (October 23, 2014). "Judge dismisses much of lawsuit between rival Utah 'oils' companies". The Salt Lake Tribune. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
- ^ Berman, Phyllis (October 11, 2004). "If You Believe". Forbes.
- ^ "DSN Global 100: The Top Direct Selling Companies in the World". Direct Selling News. June 2010. Archived from the original on December 4, 2010. Retrieved 2010-11-15.
- ^ a b Ressner, Jeffrey (2006-10-01). "Industries: State of Reliefs". Time. Archived from the original on November 1, 2007.
- ^ Jones, Rupert (7 December 2019). "Utility Warehouse: is its 'life-changing' scheme really ab fab?". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
- ^ Celarier, Michelle (29 September 2013). "Verve energy drink turning college students into sales force". New York Post. Retrieved 2015-03-28.
- ^ Dalling, Robert (2018-04-30). "Spoon rest and egg separator catalogue company Betterware has folded". walesonline. Retrieved 2020-02-20.
- ^ "'Magic dirt': How the internet fueled, and defeated, the pandemic's weirdest company". NBC News. Retrieved 4 December 2021.
- ^ Crouch, Gregory (18 August 1990). "FundAmerica Files for Bankruptcy, Cites 2 Overseas Creditors". Los Angeles Times.
- ^ Penke, Patty. "The Iconic Longaberger Company Shuts Down: Will Those Collectible Baskets Be Worthless Now?". Retrieved 8 October 2019.
- ^ "Women say they were branded and traumatized by secret group's doctors". CBSNews.com. CBS. 20 October 2017. Retrieved 13 November 2017.
- ^ Odato, James. "Lawyer attacks NXIVM 'scheme'". TimesUnion.com. The Hearst Corporation. Retrieved 13 November 2017.
- ^ Soper, Taylor. "Multi-level marketing mobile service provider Solavei shuts down due to 'competitive landscape'". GeekWire. Retrieved 31 December 2015.